the road to Coltcnliam, by the second biidge from Ilislon. Ditch near Denny 
Abbey. Bui well Pit: Rev. R. Reliian. — Derbysh. Near Swarkeston Biidge: 
Ch. Babincion, in N. B. G — Durham; On the bank between the Castle at 
Barnard-Castle and the river Tees, near Harton, Cocken, and Darlington, and 
by hedge sides near Low Team ; also in a hedge nearOleadon, and near Norton, 
Stockton, and Billingham: N. J. Winch, Esq.— Essex; Near Woodford : Mr. 
11. Warner. — Gloucestersh. Giant’s Hole, St. Vincent’s Bocks: Miss Wor- 
sley, in N. B. G. — Hampsh. Among bushes on the shore between Southampton 
and Netley; and other places about Southampton: W. A. Bromfield, in 
N. B. G. — Kent; Above the Cliff, halfway between Folkstone and Sandgate. 
Upon the Chalk Cliffs around Lydden Spout : Rev. G. E. Smith. — Leicestersh. 
Near Congerstone, and Gracedieu ; and between Gopsal Park and the Ashby- 
de-la-Zouch Lodge: Rev. A. Beoxam . — Middlesex ; World’s End, near 
Stepney, and banks of the Thames between Blackwall and Woolwich: Mr. 
Jones. Hampstead Heath: Fl.Melr. — Norfolk; Fritton churchyard, and by 
St. Bennet’s Abbey: Hist. Yarm. NearDiss: Mr. Woodward. Norfolk: 
Miss Bell, in N. B. G. — Northamptonsh. Near Northampton: Morton. — 
Northumberland ; On the banks of Tweed, above Coldstream Bridge; also 
near Cullercoats : N. J. Winch, Esq. From the Union Bridge to Norham 
Castle; also near Twizell Toll-bar: Dr. G. Johnston. — Notts. On the Rock 
at the left hand enteiing Nottingham Park ; and upon the stony part of Clifton 
Hill, facing the Trent; also behind Clifton Hall near the Trent: Dr. Deering. 
By the Trent at Cohvick Saw-vard; Southwell, Coddington, and between 
Blyth and Bowtry: N. B. G. — In Somersetshire : Dr. Gaeper, in N. B. G. — 
Suffolk ; Bungay: Mr. D. Stock, in N. B. G. — Surrey ; Hedge banks between 
Battersea and Clapham : Mr. W. Pamp'lin, jun. Near Norwood; and on 
Streatham Common: FI. Metr. — Warwicksh. Road-sides, Stonebridge : Rev. 
W.T. Bree. Road-side between Dunchurch and Soulham ; and between 
Southam and Ladbrook ; July, 1831: W. B. Between Dunchurch and Wil- 
loughby: Rev. A. Bloxam.— In Worcestershire : Mr. E. Lees. — Yorkshire; 
Richmond: Mr. J. Ward, in N. B. G. Limestone 'Tract, near Leeds: H. 
Denny, Esq. ibid. On the walls of Fountain’s Abbey : N. J. Winch, Esq. — 
SCO TLAND, in the counties of Berwick, Edinburgh, Perth, Roxburgh, 
Sterling ; and on the Orkney Isles ; but not common. 
Biennial. — Flowers in July and August. 
Root tap-shaped. Stem from 2 to 6 feet high, or more, up- 
right, round, smooth in the upper part, a little prickly below; 
sparingly leafy, scarcely branched ; patticled at the top. Root-leaves 
somewhat inversely egg-shaped, toothed at the margin. Stem- 
leaves alternate, spreading horizontally, large, inversely egg-shaped, 
blunt, tapering towards the base ; the upper ones becoming gradu- 
ally smaller, arrow-shaped at the base, and more decidedly stem- 
clasping, sometimes lobed ; the mid-rib of all more or less beset 
underneath with prominent prickles, such as often occur on the 
margin also. Flowers numerous, small, yellow, in a large, upright, 
spreading panicle ; with many small, heart-shaped, pointed brac- 
teas. Involucrum imbricated, smooth, its scales more or less 
tinged with purple, the upper ones downy at the tip, indistinctly 
keeled. Seeds black, furrowed, and roughish. Pappus rough, on 
a pedicel about the length of the seed ; see fig. 8. 
The whole plant abounds with an acrid, fetid milky juice, which springs out 
suddenly, in large drops, on the slightest touch, from the involucrum and tender 
leaves. This juice has the smell of opium, and possesses narcotic and diuretic 
properties. Dr Collin, of Vienna, relates 24 cases of dropsy, out of which 23 
were cured by taking the extract prepared from the expressed juice, in doses from 
18 grains to 3 drams in 24 hours. It commonly proves laxative, in a degree dia- 
phoretic, and removes thirst. It must be prepared when the plant is in flower. 
