Rotations. 
31 
from Durham, Lincoln, Cheshire, and Worcester. “ Strongish ” 
to “sandy loam ” being the names given to the soils. 
One example with beans or peas taken between red clover 
and wheat is also to hand. 
Six Years' Course , or Longer. — Thirty-five examples 
returned . 
There are seven cases where the Norfolk four-course is 
extended by substituting mangolds, in the south, and potatoes, 
in the north, for the ordinary root breadth or swedes. In 
three cases more beans take the place of clover, so as to make 
this crop come only once in eight years. 
“ Seeds ” two or three years or over account for the length 
of rotations returned on thirteen farms, the counties being : — 
Cumberland (3), Northumberland, Lancashire, Westmorland, 
Cheshire (2), Hereford, Devonshire, Derby, Notts, and North- 
amptonshire. In seven of these examples we have two white 
straw crops in succession, as well as the long seed ley. 
In Essex and Kent we find instances of mangold after 
mangold, and “ fallow ” preceding “ roots ” — two fallow crops 
in succession. And one or two other correspondents mention 
it as an occasional practice. 
There are two cases where potatoes are given a place in the 
system to themselves, in Cheshire and Northamptonshire ; 
and in Notts, we find peas taken between wheat and wheat. 
Eight examples can only be classified by saying that forage 
crops are taken when wanted, and cleaning crops as required, 
and that not more than once in six years. Corn follows corn 
or not, depending upon whether crops or stock be the chief 
product of the farm. 
The following are typical of special or extraordinary long- 
course rotations : — ' 
Bedfordshire (mixed soil).— Wheat, potatoes, seed-peas 
and market-garden crops, white straw crop, potatoes, other 
market-garden crops, potatoes, white straw crop. 
Berks 1 (various soils). — Roots, wheat, barley or oats, barley, 
clover and beans, wheat, wheat. 
Essex (loam). — Potatoes, wheat, clover or peas, wheat, 
winter oats, mangold and rabi, wheat, spring oats. 
Wilts (loam over chalk). — Forage followed by roots, roots, 
wheat, barley, forage followed by roots, barley, clover, 
wheat. 
Yorks (light soil on the Wolds). — Turnips, oats or barley, 
barley or oats, turnips, oats, seeds, seeds, wheat. 
No Rotation. — Six correspondents from various counties 
disclaim the use of any rotation or system at all. 
1 This example is sent in by Mr. Thos. Lotham, who also has 100 acres 
under “continuous corn ” on the “ Prout” system. 
