58 
Farm Book-keeping. 
Ck. 
By Valuation of Horses at end of year 
„ Valuation of Harness, &c., at end of year 
Net Cost of Horse Labour 
Apportionment : — Cattle Accounts . 
Sheep Accounts . 
Arable Land 
Meadow Land . 
Grazing 
Establishment . 
£ s. d. 
. 19 10 0 
.800 
410 0 0 
. 32 0 0 
.400 
. 1 10 0 
£475 0 0 
£ -> *. d. 
688 0 0 
48 0 0 
476 0 0 
£1,211 0 0 
Rent and Rates . — These require no ledger account. Rates 
are readily apportioned between land and buildings by taking 
the figures in the demand note. The rates on land must then 
be shared over arable, meadow, and pasture land, whilst rates 
on buildings must be divided over the different classes of 
stock using them. 
The Rent must also be apportioned in the same way, 
remembei’ing to deduct from it the value of the farm-house, 
which must be charged to a “ Private Account ” or a “ House 
Account.” Some such account will be found necessary in all 
farm book-keeping for the accommodation of certain items of 
purely personal expenditure which are apt to creep into the 
farm accounts. 
It must be admitted that the apportionment of rent con- 
stitutes a rather serious difficulty in the system of accounts 
here advocated. The item is a considerable one and a careless 
division of it may produce fictitious balances. It is a difficulty, 
however, which presents itself in all businesses, and as it is 
tackled and overcome by the manufacturer there is no reason 
to suppose that the farmer should not be equal to the task. 
Brazing . — No profit or loss is made on the pasture land. 
Its produce is not directly marketable and should be regarded 
merely as a food to be paid for. To arrive at the cost of 
this food a ledger account must be opened under the heading 
of “ Grazing,” which is debited at the beginning of the year 
with ( a ) the value of any manures or food residues unex- 
hausted in the previous year. During the year it must be 
debited further with (5) any labour, such as harrowing, 
rolling, &c., (c) manures applied and manurial residues of 
foods fed during the year, ( d ) rent and rates. The only 
credit will be the value of the manures and manurial residues 
unexhausted at the end of the year, and the balance of the 
account represents the cost of the grazing. This cost is then 
shared out over the various live stock accounts just as was 
