82 Milch Coics and the Production of Store Stock. 
Remembering the position of the feeder, forced to buy 
stores which, though not all bad, in many cases do not come up 
to his necessary standard of quality, because the outside supply 
is forbidden him by law, no thinking man can deny that the 
cow-keeper who is callous or careless about the supply of 
calves he sends to market, is guilty of the gravest injustice. 
On the other hand, the position of the man who wants to 
keep up a supply of home-bred heifers that will grow into 
deep-milking cows, who believes that he cannot do this and 
yet have bull calves suitable for the feeder, cannot be held to 
be an unjust one. He has his own furrow to plough, and his 
own lot is not so good that he can afford to make it worse for 
the sake of others, even though they may be in a worse plight 
than himself. 
It is, however, the object of this article to show that the 
breeder of dairy cattle is mistaken, and to prove that he may 
have large-framed cows, of milking capacity far greater than 
the average found at present among dairy herds, that will either 
in themselves, when they are dry, or through their male off- 
spring, supply material with which no reasonable feeder can 
for a moment find fault. 
Such an animal is spoken of as the “ dual-purpose ” cow, 
and we will now proceed to discuss it. 
The Dual-purpose Cow in Theory. 
It is well to consider those points which are, or should be, 
present in the milch cow, so as to be able to contrast them with 
those the feeder would like to see in the store he wants to 
graze or for winter feeding. 
A milch cow should be long and symmetrical in frame, 
that is to say, the distances from head to chine, from chine to 
hook, and from hook to pinbone should be lengthy in them- 
selves while proportioned to one another, and all three joined up 
so as to knit together into one elegant yet substantial whole. 
Her frame or skeleton should, in order to allow of plenty of 
room for the development of her vital organs, be roomy as well 
as long. 
Restricting an examination to the frame or skeleton, let us 
see how these requirements coincide with those for beef pro- 
duction. 
The well-laid shoulder which gives the length to the fore 
end of a milch cow is undesirable in the beef animal, for it 
gives an undue amount of space on which to carry those 
cuts (see Plate I.), numbered (11), (8), and (12), which are 
cheap and inferior meat. 
Length of middle and of quarter is, however, as desirable 
in a beef animal as in the milch cow. 
