Milch Cows and the Production of Store Stock. 87 
limited to those produced in Great Britain, the dairy farmers 
have a great duty to perform towards the man whose living 
depends so largely upon having animals “ well calculated in 
every respect for the shambles.” In order to show that these 
may be bred from stock “ that produce abundant quantities of 
milk,” the following instances from fact, and opinions of 
practical men, are here brought to the notice of those who 
doubt the possibility of the “ perfection ” Sir John Sinclair 
wrote about one hundred years ago : — 
Shorthorn Bulls on Non-pedigree Cows. 
The writer’s own personal experience enables him to vouch 
for the following facts and figures : — On a thin-chalk soil farm 
attached to the Wye College, a herd of deep-milking non- 
pedigree Shorthorn cows was kept for some years. Pedigree 
Shorthorn bulls of milking strains were used. The bull calves 
were reared and fed as steers, and almost invariably made top 
prices in the Ashford Market. The following figures are given 
from records taken at the time : — Milk yields from some dozen 
to fourteen cows, plus two or three fivst-calf heifers. In 1899 
(a very droughty year with practically no yield of grass from 
June to October), 570 gallons ; 1900, 750 gallons ; 1901, 666 
gallons. Produce of above : 1899, three steers sold under two 
years of age at 22 1. 10s., weighing 11 cwt. 3 qrs. 81b. each. 
One of these was out of a 1,000-gallon cow, and they were all 
“ finished” on under 10 lb. of cake and corn, with a very limited 
supply of roots and hay. 1900, a heifer seventeen months old, 
weighed 11 cwt. 16 lb. She had been reared on whole milk, 
which was far from being the case with the other beasts here 
mentioned. On going to the local show she was highly com- 
mended in a large mixed class of heifers under two years, and 
made the best Christmas market price. 1903, two steers, 
moderately fat, weighed 13 cwt. at about twenty-eight months 
old. 
An inquiry for some particulars, re an article in a back 
number of the Live Stock Journal Annual, brought a long 
and interesting letter from Mr. R. E. Turnbull, from which the 
following is quoted : — 
“ Yes, I reared a large number of calves when I was farming in Holderness 
early in the eighties. You will find full particulars of the farm that I occupied 
in the Journal of the R.A.S.E., Part II., 1883. I bought a large number of 
Shorthorn cows and heifers in Cumberland — chiefly in the Lake districts. 
Those I selected were deep in frame, wide-backed animals that gave an 
abundant supply of milk. Bullock calves bred from these cows come early to 
maturity when properly reared, and were in great demand for grazing purposes. 
I usually sold my bullock calves (in good store condition, say 52 up to 54 per 
cent.) when from twelve to fifteen months old. Early in the eighties they 
realised about 1 1. on the average for each month — twelve-months-old calves 
12?. . . . Store cattle were very dear at that time. I should think that 
