Farm Prize Competition, 1908. 
235 
hoeing is done by piece-work at 13s. per acre. The subsequent 
cultivations consist of scufflings with the two-horse scuffler, 
taking three rows at a time. The swede crop is pulled, topped, 
tailed, and put into carts by piece-work at 8s. per acre. An 
average crop on this farm is 35 tons per acre. 
Mangolds. — About two acres of the Red Tankard variety of 
mangolds are grown, the treatment of the ground and the 
manuring being similar to that given for the swedes, and an 
average ci’op yields 50 tons per acre. 
Oats follow the roots, and a preference is here shown for 
the “ Abundance ” variety, of which a change of seed is 
obtained from the Lothians every two years. The land is 
ploughed in the autumn, and, after the necessary spring 
cultivations is drilled at the rate of one sack per acre. The 
land coming clean after root crop is not hoed, but merely 
looked over for thistles. The harvest operations are done by 
day-work, an average crop yielding 60 bushels per acre. 
Clover. — The oats are undersown with the following mixture 
per acre : — 12 to 14 lb. cow grass, and 18 lb. Italian rye grass, 
which is left for one year only. This is cut twice — the first 
time for hay, and the second time green for the cows. Very 
heavy crops of clover and rye grass are grown, running up to 
3 tons of hay per acre for the first cut, and one ton for the 
second. 
Potatoes follow the clover, and this crop receives 30 
tons of farm-yard manure in the drills. From 12 to 14 cwt. 
per acre of Scotch Factor potato sets are used, new seed being 
obtained each year. Very useful crops of potatoes are grown; 
running from 10 to 12 tons per acre, for which Sunderland 
provides a ready market ; there is also a good local market 
for the seed potatoes. The taking-up of the potato crop and 
the pitting, sorting, &c., are all done by day-work. A portion 
of the crop is sometimes sold as it stands on the land, and 
realises about 20 1. per acre. Potatoes are occasionally grown 
after mangold, in which case they receive no manure. Some- 
times a portion of the clover ley is sown with swede turnips, 
in which case the treatment of the land is similar to that given 
when the swedes follow the wheat crop. 
Wheat follows potatoes. The land is carefully gone over 
for any twitch or other objectionable weeds, and then ploughed. 
White chaffed red wheat is usually sown and drilled at eight 
pecks per acre ; no artificial manures are given. The wheat 
crop is not hoed, but merely looked over for thistles, &c. 
Grass Land. — There are 45 acres of grass land, 39 of which 
are mown each year, and the remaining 6 left for the cows to 
run on ; such 6 acres being changed each year. The 39 acres 
mown are manured annually during the early autumn 
