Plans of Farm Buildings. 
255 
Stables . — The form of these is clearly shown on the Plans and calls for no 
■comment. Each stall is provided with mangers, as previously described, and hay 
racks, and separated from the next by a substantial wood partition boarded both 
sides to»the middle rail and one side above same. 
Covered Yards . — -These are divided into compartments by post and rail 
fences with gates, as it is undesirable to have too many heifers together. The 
whole are provided with stoneware channel (15 in. diameter), mangers, and 
wood hay racks as before described. 
'It should be noted that with the exception of the eight cows in boxes — and 
these would only require to be moved once in six or seven weeks — no other live 
stock whatever are required to pass through these yards. 
Piggeries . — These require little explanation as the drawings show their form 
and construction. They are ample for a good herd of pigs (the two covered 
yards being available for any surplus stock during the summer months). 
Hospital . — This is placed in an isolated position, but sheltered and con- 
veniently in connection with the other buildings. It is commodious and 
provided with manger, hay rack, and beam for slinging horse, &c. 
4. Lighting. 
The whole of the buildings are well lighted by means of windows and 
skylights. 
The cowsheds are lighted by means of numerous cast-iron windows in the 
southern gables, and so distributed that when the sun shines in winter, its rays 
may penetrate every part of the cattle sheds between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. 
There are also skylights 6 ft. by 4 ft. over each range of stalls towards the 
northern end of the sheds, and sliding casements on the east and west walls with 
wide openings in the wall between the sheds so that no portion of the latter will 
be unlighted. 
The horse and other boxes are provided with iron windows in all southern 
gables, and on the sides with casements to open inwards into hopper brackets 
fixed 5 ft. above the floor. 
The calf boxes are provided with sliding casements on the sides as before. 
The hospital is provided with two casement windows on the west side and a 
skylight 4 ft. by 3 ft. 
The stable is amply lighted by iron windows in the north gable and a sky- 
light on the west side. The horses being out of the stable during the greater 
part of the day there is not the same necessity for direct sun’s rays penetrating 
the stables as in the case of other live stock. 
The mixing room, engine room, milk cooling room, and chambers are amply 
lighted by iron windows as will be seen in the elevations. 
The covered yards are open to the south and will consequently receive all the 
sunshine available, even in the depth of winter. 
5. Ventilation. 
. The principle adopted for securing thorough change of air in all parts, 
more particularly in places occupied by live stock, is to bring in cold fresh air 
near the floors and as near as possible to the points where it is required and to 
send out the warmer vitiated air at the highest points of the roofs, thus 
depending upon natural laws to secure the best possible ventilation without 
having resort to mechanical means. 
In the cow stalls the major part of the fresh air is required for the lungs of 
the cattle, and this is brought in at both ends of the feeding passages by grates 
in the walls on the southern side, and hit and miss slides in the lower part of 
the doors into the mixing room. The air in the latter would always be cooler 
than that in the cowsheds and would constantly flow down the passages like a 
stream of water and there being rails only separating Che cattle from the 
passages there would be a good supply of fresh air constantly passing the cows’ 
heads to be inhaled by them. 
