Plans of Farm Buildings. 
257 
fall, and discharging by means of pipes through the walls either into the 
covered yards or over gullies and thence to the tank as above described. 
The whole system of drainage is indicated in detail on the Plans. 
Rainwater . — The whole of this is entirely excluded from all yards occupied 
by cattle or used for dung pits, and none whatever is allowed to mix with the 
urine or solid manure. 
Large deep half round cast-iron gutters are fixed to all eaves, and are 
brought right to the outside of all yards at the southern ends (so that there 
can be no possibility of any overflowing into the yards), and the water from 
the whole is conveyed by pipes down the walls into gullies, and thence in 
stoneware socketed cement jointed pipes clear away from the buildings. 
- To aid the flow of water in the gutters from north to south, and to assist 
the drainage of the sheds the buildings would be erected with a slight fall in 
themselves in that direction. 
7. Preservation of the Manure. 
It is estimated that manure to the value of considerably over 300Z. would 
be made annually (by good farming) at this homestead, and that by exposure 
to constant rains, as is the case at many homesteads, one half the value might 
be lost. To avoid this heavy loss a covered manure pit is provided for all dung 
which cannot be thrown into the covered yards. 
With the dung pit is a liquid manure tank provided with pump, so that 
the liquid can be pumped on the manure in the pit (which by exposure to sun 
and wind would become dry), and so save waste or separate distribution. 
8. Water Supply. 
A well 30 ft. deep by 4 ft. 6 in. internal diameter is provided, being dry 
brick lined to within 6 ft. of the top, the remainder of the lining being set in 
cement. 
From the well water can be pumped to a large iron tank (2,100 gallons 
capacity) fixed 16 ft. above ground or high enough to supply bath and w.c., 
&c., on first floor of house. 
For the distribution of the water, strong lead pipes would be laid under the 
floors to the various points : although lead costs more than galvanised iron in 
initial outlay it lasts considerably longer, and as most of it would be laid under 
the concrete paving the extra cost would be saved many times over in the long 
run by saving of renewals and pulling up floors. 
Two systems would be adopted for distribution, viz., a high pressure system 
to the taps and a low pressure system for supplying all drinking troughs in 
the yards and roads. 
High Pressure System. — J-in. lead piping would be taken direct from the 
large tank to the various taps marked on the plans (except the one in the nag 
stable), and brass quarter turn bib taps would be provided, and stop tap and 
vent screw for emptying the pipes during frosty weather. 
Low Pressure System. — Galvanises) iron troughs supported on brick bases 
are provided for the yards, stables and cowsheds at points marked on the 
plans. These would be supplied by a f-in. lead pipe from a second small 
cistern fixed under the chaff chamber steps in the stable, with the top level 
with tops of all the water troughs (these all being on a level). Water would 
be brought into this cistern by means of a j-in. lead pipe from the large tank, 
and have an automatic ball cock. The water would then stand at a uniform 
level in the troughs, say 1 in. from the top, which arrangement ensures a 
constant supply of water without any attention beyond the pumping necessary 
and seeing that the ball cock is in order. 
The water would be brought into the troughs through brass roses with 
T*g-in. diameter perforations to prevent rubbish getting into the pipes. 
The boxes would be provided with small cast-iron troughs, having hinged 
lids and fixed at the ends of the mangers. These troughs could be filled by 
hand from the taps near at hand without great labour. 
VOL. 69. 
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