290 Annual Report for 1908 of Royal Veterinary College. 
As is well known, the ordinary tuberculin test is carried 
out by injecting the liquid under the skin and taking the 
temperature of the animal at intervals during the following 
eighteen or twenty-four hours. Two years ago it was dis- 
covered, by Yon Pirquet and Wolff-Eisner, that in tuberculous 
children a reaction could be produced by applying the tuber- 
culin to the slightly scarified skin (cutaneous reaction) or by 
dropping it into the eye (ophthalmic or conjunctival reaction). 
Both these methods have since been tried on cattle, and, while 
experience is not yet sufficiently extensive to enable one to 
appraise their value with precision, it may be said that there is 
no probability that they will in practice prove equal to the old 
method of applying the test. In neither of these new methods 
is there any rise of temperature, and what is called the 
“ reaction ” is a more or less pronounced but transient inflam- 
mation which ensues in the one case in the lining membrane 
of the eyelids, and in the other case in the area of scarified 
skin. So far as can be judged at present, neither of the new 
methods is more reliable than the old one. After repeated 
tests an animal may cease to react to the cutaneous test, but 
apparently the reaction may be obtained repeatedly with the 
ophthalmic test. This, indeed, seems to be the point of most 
importance in connection with these new procedures, for it 
may in future help to detect a fraud which many think to be 
not at all rare, viz., the repeated testing of animals which have 
to be sold, with the intention of bringing them into a condition 
in which they will not react. 
Vaccination op Cattle Against Tuberculosis. 
Experiments which were begun at the Royal Veterinary 
College ten years ago, and of which a short account appeared 
in the author’s Annual Report for 1901 (Journal, Vol. 63,1902, 
page 264), showed the erroneousness of the opinion then gener- 
ally held that tuberculosis was exceptional among the bacterial 
diseases, in that one attack did not confer any immunity 
against a subsequent infection with tubercle bacilli. The 
experiments in question indicated that, in at least some cases, 
when a bovine animal contracted tuberculosis it developed a 
greater degree of resistance to infection than it originally 
possessed, and they proved that by inoculating cattle with 
tubercle bacilli it was possible to confer on them a very high 
degree of immunity. It was not then suggested that the 
experiments pointed to any safe and practicable method of 
vaccinating cattle on a large scale, because of the difficulty of 
obtaining bacilli with the necessary degree of diminished 
virulence or attenuation. But when it was subsequently 
discovered (by Smith, Dinwiddie, Frothingham, Koch, Scliiitz, 
