331 
Annual Report for 1908 of the Zoologist. 
to me. The shoots contained numbers of grubs, obviously 
dipterous, and apparently belonging to some Cecidomyid fly. 
Indeed they closely resembled the larvae of the pear midge, 
and had the same power of leaping by applying head and tail 
together and separating them suddenly. Most flies of this 
group make definite malformations or galls on plants, and the 
grubs live inside the galls, but in the present instance the 
grubs were quite free among the leaves of the growing shoots, 
and no galls were observable. I find no such insect described 
among the recognised beech pests, and as I was unsuccessful 
in hatching out the larvae and received no further information 
with regard to the attack I can only note the disease as one 
which is at present unidentified. 
Willow . — Two or three cases of severe attack by the Giant 
Willow Aphis, Lachnus viminalis, were reported. The insect 
is so large an example of the group that it becomes a very 
conspicuous object when present in large numbers. On small 
trees it may be dealt with by rubbing the infested branches 
Fig. 4.— a, Male Winter moth. B, Female, natural size. C, Caterpillar, enlarged. 
with the gloved hand or with a cloth, while a paraffin 
emulsion wash is the best treatment for larger trees. A very 
characteristic concomitant of the disease is the presence of 
large numbers of wasps. They are not attracted by the honey- 
dew — which even ants i-eject — but prey upon the aphides 
themselves. In one case the complaint was not so much of 
the injury to the willows as of the annoyance caused by the 
wasps. 
Lime . — In June a number of caterpillars from lime trees 
which had been more or less defoliated for some years past 
were sent for identification. They proved to be caterpillars of 
the Winter Moth, Cheimatobia brumata, a very familiar pest 
on fruit trees, though 1 had not previously met with a similar 
case of attack on the lime. Not only, therefore, was it desirable 
that what had become an annual disfiguration of the lime trees 
should be prevented, but the infested trees must have been a 
