74 
Mycologia 
American specimens determined as Amanita recutita Fries doubt- 
less belong in this category. 
3. Venenarius phalloides (Fries) Murrill, Mycologia 4: 240. 
1912 
Agaricus phalloides Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 13. 1821. 
Amanita floccocephala Atk. Stud. Am. Fungi 62. 1900. (Type 
from Ithaca, New York.) 
Amanita lignophila Atk. Ann. Myc. 7: 366. 1909. (Type from 
Ithaca, New York.) 
Amanita bisporigera Atk. Bot. Gaz. 41 : 348. f. 1906. 
(Type from Ithaca, New York.) 
Described from Europe, and found in America in woods from 
New Brunswick to Alabama and west to Iowa and California. It 
was known under several binomials before a part of Vaillant’s 
polynomial was taken up by Fries, but the problem is to find the 
earliest correct one. Even if Agaricus bulbosus Bull, were identi- 
cal with this species, it is preceded by Agaricus bulbosus Schaeff., 
which is described and figured as having an evanescent volval 
limb. A. stramineus Scop, and A. citrinus Schaefif. both seem to 
apply to A. Map pa Fries, which is more or less in doubt. Amanita 
verna Pers., next in line, is based partly on Lamarck’s A. verna, 
which is considered the same as A. virosa Fries, and partly on 
Agaricus bulbosus vernus Bull., a later name which coincides with 
our conception of Amanita verna. It therefore seems best to 
adhere for the present to the name assigned by Fries. 
The species represents a strong, prevailing type, which assumes 
various forms and colors in different regions of its wide distri- 
bution, and to endeavor to keep them distinct would only confuse 
students and give them a wrong conception of species. 
4. Venenarius cothurnatus (Atk.) 
Amanita cothurnata Atk. Stud. Am. Fungi 66. /. 68 -yo. 1900. 
Described from North Carolina, and found on the ground in 
woods in the eastern United States from New York to Alabama 
and west to Pennsylvania and Tennessee. Beardslee considers 
this species only a white form of Amanita pantherina. 
