Banker: Type Studies in Hydnaceae 
197 
species at Upsala as well as in most other European herbaria are 
quite variable and show the usual confusion with the closely re- 
lated species. In general, however, the interpretation of the 
species by European mycologists appears to be identical with that 
set forth by the writer in a former paper. - 
Hydnnm fcrrnginemn Fries as represented at U^psala by speci- 
mens of as early a date as 1849 1866 does not appear to differ 
essentially from many of the specimens also there referred to H. 
scrobicnlatnm. These forms, however, we would refer to H. 
hybridiim Bull. Fries himself in the Systema Mycologicum i: 
403 cites H. hybridum Bull, as a synonym, but later in the Epi- 
crisis Systematis Mycologici he identified Bulliard's species with 
his own H. velntiniim with the emphatic remark “ Omnino hoc.” 
A study of Fries’s descriptions of H. ferruginenm conveys the 
impression of changing conceptions. In the Observationes Aly- 
cologici 1 : 133 where the original description is found the species 
does not appear to differ greatly from our conception of H. 
velutinum. In the Systema Mycologicum /. c. the description 
is far more applicable to the forms which we have regarded as 
H . scrobicnlatnm. His figure in the leones Selectae Hymenomy- 
cetes pi. 5. /. I, is an excellent representation of what we regard 
as H. scrobicnlatnm. As to the red juice of which much has 
been made in later years we do not believe it to be a constant 
character a& we have seen plants that appeared to differ in no 
other way with clear watery juice, with juice of a pinkish tinge, 
and with juice that the collector stated was “ blood red.” 
On the basis of the specimens at Upsala, the determination of 
which from their early date may be regarded as approved by Fries, 
one would perhaps be justified in treating H. ferrngincnm Fries 
as a synonym of H. hybridnm Bull, but the plants do not accord 
well with the descriptions and figures. It is perhaps fortunate 
that H. ferrngincnm Fries is untenable and that the name must 
be treated as a synonym, but it is difficult to decide whether it is 
better regarded as a synonym of H. scrobicnlatnm Fries or of 
H. hybridnm Bull. On the whole, we incline to the view that it 
pertains to the former. 
•Mem. Torrey Club 12; 156. 1906. 
