258 
Mycologia 
gregarious, 8-i6 cm. broad; surface radiate-fibrillose and rufes- 
cent beneath the cuticle, the cuticle thick, at first smooth and con- 
tinuous, rufous to umber in color, at length torn asunder, except 
upon the umbo, into large irregular scales which become scattered 
and gradually fall away, margin deflexed, silky-fibrillose ; context 
thick, soft, white ; lamellae broad, close, white, at times yellowish 
or pinkish, tapering slightly behind, free, remote ; spores ellipsoid • 
or obovoid, apiculate, 1-2-guttulate, 12-18X8 — 12 /a; stipe tall, 
tapering upward from the bulbous base, hollow or fibrous-stuffed, 
the cuticle thin, flocculose, rufous or brownish, at length drawn 
apart into minute scales, 15-25 cm. long, 8-16 mm. thick, the base 
2-3 cm. thick; annulus thick, soft, subcoriaceous, movable, apical. 
This handsome edible species is found in thin soil in meadows, 
pastures, and open woods from New England to Alabama and 
west to Nebraska. It is also widely distributed in Europe and 
Asia, where it is highly esteemed as an article of food, in some 
places being dried in quantity for winter use. On account of its 
scaly cap and bulbous stem, it must be carefully distinguished from 
species of Venenarius. 
Chanterel cinnabarinus Schw. 
Cinnabar Chanterel 
Plate 92. Figure 3. X i 
Pileus firm, thin, fleshy, convex to depressed or somewhat in- 
fundibuliform, often irregular in the larger specimens, gregarious 
or scattered, 1.5-3 cm. broad; surface smooth or slightly rugose, 
of soft compacted fibers, opaque, cinnabar-red, fading somewhat 
in the field and entirely in the herbarium ; margin at first indexed, 
undulate to lobed, concolorous ; context whitish, tinged externally 
with red, thin, taste varying from mild to slightly acrid; lamellae 
long-decurrent, forked, interveined, distant, narrow, concolorous 
or slightly paler than the surface ; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, 
8-9 X 5 ; stipe cylindric or tapering downward, terete, glabrous, 
smooth or slightly striate, concolorous, solid, 2-5 cm. long, 4-7 
mm. thick. 
This small species is conspicuous because of its brilliant color- 
ing and occurs in abundance on the ground in deciduous or conif- 
erous woods from New England to Alabama and west to Indiana 
and Ohio, as well as sparingly in certain parts of tropical America. 
