State  Aid  to  Agriculture  in  Canada. 
91 
controls  the  executive  administration  from  headquarters — 
his  office  corresponding  with  that  of  the  permanent  secretary 
of  an  English  government  department — and  the  thirteen 
Branches  are  : 
1.  Experimental  Farms. 
2.  Live  Stock. 
3.  Health  of  Animals. 
4.  Dairy  and  Cold  Storage. 
5.  Seed. 
6.  Tobacco. 
7.  Census  and  Statistics. 
8.  Publications. 
9.  Patents. 
10.  Copyright  and  Trade 
Marks. 
11.  Archives. 
12.  Public  Health  and 
Quarantine. 
13.  Exhibitions. 
Of  these  only  the  first  six  have  a direct  bearing  upon  practical 
agriculture  ; three  (Nos.  7,  8,  and  13)  include  agriculture  but 
embi’ace  other  subjects  as  well  ; the  remainder  are  entirely  non- 
agricultural.  At  present  the  total  permanent  staff  numbers 
about  570  persons,  of  whom  270  are  stationed  at  Ottawa,  and 
300  at  various  other  points  in  the  Dominion  and  abroad. 
Experimental  Farms. — As  established  under  the  Experi- 
mental Farms  Stations  Act,  1886,  these  consisted  of  the  Central 
Farm  at  Ottawa  for  Ontario  and  Quebec  and  of  four  Branch 
Farms  for  (1)  the  Maritime  Pi’ovinces  ; (2)  Manitoba  ; (3)  the 
North-West  Territories  ; and  (4)  British  Columbia.  The  Central 
Farm,  situated  within  three  miles  of  Ottawa,  is  easily  accessible 
by  electric  tramway,  and  no  travellers  passing  through  the 
capital  fail  to  visit  it.  All  are  impressed  by  the  beauty  of  the 
situation  and  by  the  tasteful  skill  with  which  the  grounds 
have  been  planted.  After  twenty-five  years’  growth  the  trees, 
flowers,  and  shrubs,  botanically  classified  and  named,  are  not 
only  available  for  scientific  studies  but  appeal  irresistibly  to 
lovers  of  natural  beauty.  The  arboretum  of  65  acres 
includes  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  conifers  in  the  world. 
A forest  belt  of  21  acres,  planted  around  two  sides,  serves 
as  a windbreak  and  for  the  study  of  forestry  in  relation  to 
the  farm.  The  buildings  comprise  five  houses  for  resident 
officers,  foremen’s  and  labourers’  cottages,  the  general  offices 
with  entomological  and  botanical  laboratories,  a complete 
chemical  laboratory,  stabling  for  twenty-five  horses,  barns, 
cow-houses  lately  reconstructed  upon  modern  lines  and 
accommodating  160  cows,  besides  the  bull  boxes  and  calf  pens, 
a dairy,  implement  sheds,  sheep  cotes,  new  piggeries,  poultry 
houses,  and  apiaries. 
Tinder  Dr.  William  Saunders,  C.M.G.,  whose  long  and 
valuable  services  as  Director  of  the  Central  and  Branch  Farms 
received  special  recognition  from  English  agriculturists  by  his 
election  in  1908  as  an  Honorary  Member  of  this  Society,  the 
