State  Aid  to  Agriculture  in  Canada.  93 
— all  University  graduates — are  remunerated  by  the  State  and 
that  no  fees  are  payable  by  Canadian  farmers  for  their  services. 
In  addition  to  the  work  of  analysing  samples  of  food  stuffs, 
soils,  fertilisers,  insecticides,  dairy  products,  &c.,  to  the  number 
annually  of  between  700  and  800,  Mr.  Frank  T.  Shutt,  Chemist 
since  the  establishment  of  the  farms,  has  conducted  original 
researches  with  regard  to  Canadian  soils,  the  influence  of 
environment  upon  the  nature  and  composition  of  wheat,  and 
the  factors  that  determine  strength  and  quality  in  wheat  and 
flour,  as  well  as  other  investigations  bearing  upon  practical 
agriculture. 
A handsome  drinking  fountain  at  the  farm  commemorates 
the  labours  of  the  late  Dr.  James  Fletcher,  who  ably  filled  the 
position  of  Entomologist  and  Botanist  from  1884  to  his  death 
in  1908.  Two  new  divisions  of  Entomology  and  Botany  have 
since  been  formed,  under  the  charge  respectively  of  Dr.  Gordon 
Hewitt,  of  the  Manchester  University,  and  Mr.  H.  T.  Giissow, 
formerly  assistant  to  Dr.  Carruthers.  Both  officers  have  before 
them  wide  fields  of  useful  investigation  in  Canada. 
So  marked  have  been  the  benefits  of  these  farms  that  the 
policy  of  their  gradual  extension  has  been  adopted  within  the 
last  three  years,  and  five  new  farms  have  already  been  added 
to  those  originally  established.  The  following  statement  shows 
the  size  and  location  of  each  of  the  existing  farms  with  the 
date  when  established  : — 
Farm 
Province 
Acreage 
Date 
established 
Central  Farm,  Ottawa 
Ontario  and  Quebec 
467 
1886 
Branch  Farms  : 
Charlottetown  . 
Prince  Edward  Island  . 
60 
1910 
Nappan  .... 
Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick 
300 
1886 
Brandon  .... 
Manitoba 
625 
1886 
Indian  Head 
Saskatchewan 
680 
1886 
Rosthern  .... 
Saskatchewan 
152 
1909 
Scott  .... 
Saskatchewan 
200 
1909 
Lethbridge 
S.  Alberta 
400 
1908 
Lacombe  .... 
N.  Alberta 
150 
1908 
Agassiz  .... 
British  Columbia  . 
800 
1886 
In  addition  there  are  two  small  stations  at  Kamloops,  British 
Columbia  (10  acres),  and  Fort  Vermilion  on  the  Peace  River, 
700  miles  by  mail  route  north  of  Edmonton  in  Alberta  (5  acres). 
The  whole  area  therefore  at  present  under  experiment  is  just 
under  3,350  acres  ; but  negotiations  are  in  progress  for  the 
early  establishment  of  new  farms  for  Nova  Scotia  and  Quebec 
in  the  east  and  Vancouver  Island  in  the  west  ; while  in  the 
coming  season  experiments  will  begin  in  the  far  north  at  Forts 
