102  State  Aid  to  Agriculture  in  Canada. 
upon  a definite  system  of  selection  and  registration,  and  the 
Association  is  doing  good  work  in  obtaining  the  more  general 
use  of  high  class  seed  produced  on  rational  and  scientific  lines. 
Agricultural  Statistics. — Reorganised  in  1905,  the  Census 
and  Statistics  Office,  under  the  Chief  Officer  (Dr.  Archibald 
Blue),  is  responsible  for  the  decennial  census,  and  the  next  has 
been  fixed  for  June  1,  1911.  The  Canadian  Census  includes 
not  only  an  enumeration  of  the  people,  upon  which  the  legal 
parliamentary  representation  is  based,  but  also  a complete 
account  of  the  natural  products  and  economic  resources  of  the 
Dominion.  The  agricultural  particulars  collected  embrace  the 
number  and  size  of  farms,  the  areas,  yields  and  values  of  field 
crops,  the  numbers  and  values  of  live  stock,  including  poultry 
and  bees,  the  quantities  and  values  of  dairy  products,  the  value 
and  rent  of  lands,  buildings,  and  agricultural  machinery,  labour 
and  wages,  and  information  as  to  minor  or  bye  products,  such 
as  wool,  eggs,  honey,  wax,  and  maple  sugar.  In  the  enumera- 
tion of  live  stock,  horses  and  dairy  cattle  in  towns  do  not 
escape  compilation.  , 
For  the  three  North-West  provinces  of  Manitoba,  Sas- 
katchewan, and  Alberta,  where  the  development  is  at  present 
abnormally  rapid,  a quinquennial  census  of  population  and. 
agriculture  is  provided  for,  and  special  inquiries,  such  as  the 
postal  censuses  of  1906  (manufactures),  and  1907  (dairying  and 
agriculture  of  eastern  Canada),  may  be  ordered  at  any  time  by 
the  Minister  of  Agriculture.  Since  1908  the  Office  has  under- 
taken the  issue  of  monthly  crop  reports  with  estimates  of  area 
and  yield  of  field  crops  and  of  the  numbers  and  condition  of 
live  stock,  as  well  as  other  statistical  information  based  upon 
the  reports  of  correspondents.  The  results  are  published  in  the 
Census  and  Statistics  Monthly , together  with  reports  of  other 
Branches  of  the  Department,  crop  reports  from  other  countries, 
prices  of  Canadian  produce  in  the  British  markets,  &c.,  which 
make  it  to  some  extent  an  organ  of  the  whole  Department.  A 
Publications  Branch  has  lately  been  formed  to  undertake  certain 
duties  of  an  inter-departmental  character.  The  Chief  Officer 
of  this  Branch  (Mr.  T.  K.  Doherty)  acts  also  as  Canadian  Cor- 
respondent of  the  International  Agricultural  Institute  at  Rome. 
The  following  table  shows  the  sums  actually  expended  by 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  general  agricultural  purposes 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  March  31,  1910.  Some  of  the 
items  are  for  capital  expenditure,  but  as  such  items  recur  in 
some  form  or  other  every  year  thQ  net  total  of  241,3862.  may 
be  taken  as  fairly  representing  the  actual  cost  of  a year’s 
working  in  respect  of  agriculture.  The  total  expenditure  for 
1909-10  of  the  Department  (less  revenue),  including  the  cost 
of  the  non-agricultural  branches,  was  257,88 62. 
