104  State  Aid  to  Agriculture  in  Canada. 
connection  with  any  proposed  new  legislation  on  the  subject  in 
the  United  Kingdom.  Here  it  need  only  be  mentioned  that 
purchasers  may  obtain  analyses  of  samples  from  the  Depart- 
ment of  Inland  Revenue,  by  which  the  Acts  are  administered, 
at  a fee  of  $1  (4s.)  for  each  sample.  The  Inland  Revenue 
Department  also  prescribes  the  legal  standards  of  quality  for 
meat,  milk  and  grain  products  under  Section  26  of  the  Adult- 
eration Act.  Forecasts  of  the  weather  are  issued  by  the 
Dominion  Meteorological  Service  from  Toronto.  In  1909  a 
Commission  of  National  Conservation  was  entrusted  by  Act  of 
Parliament  with  the  duty  of  studying  and  reporting  upon  the 
natural  resources  of  the  Dominion  with  a view  to  their  develop- 
ment upon  rational  and  scientific  lines,  and  especially  to  the 
prevention  of  their  wasteful  exploitation  at  the  expense  of 
future  generations. 
The  Provincial  Governments. 
Each  of  the  nine  provinces  of  Canada  has  its  own  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  controlling  various  organisations  designed 
to  serve  local  and  provincial  needs.  To  avoid  repetition,  the 
more  typical  may  be  described  in  connection  with  Ontario — 
agriculturally,  the  richest  and  most  highly  developed  of  the 
provinces.  All  associated  agricultural  effort  in  Canada  leans 
upon  and  derives  its  inspiration  mainly  from  the  State,  and 
the  Dominion  or  provincial  government  grants  (sometimes 
both)  are  the  chief  support  of  non-political  agricultural  societies 
and  institutions,  while  the  fees  for  membership  are,  in  most 
cases,  only  a subsidiary  source  of  revenue.  Another  advantage 
of  considerable  value  to  these  societies  is  that  their  reports  are 
printed  and  distributed  at  government  expense. 
Ontario. — Much  of  the  agricultural  work  undertaken  by  the 
Ontario  Government  has  for  centre  the  admirable  Agricultural 
College  and  Experimental  Farm,  established  in  1874  at  Guelph 
— an  institution  probably  unrivalled  for  comprehensive  instruc- 
tion in  agriculture.  The  College  and  Farm  together  cover 
600  acres.  Of  this  area,  the  buildings  and  grounds  occupy 
30  acres,  the  farm  360  acres,  and  the  garden  with  orchard, 
and  the  woodlands,  each  75  acres.  The  remainder  of  the 
600  acres  is  devoted  to  field  experiments  with  cereals,  fodder 
crops  and  roots.  The  institution  is  visited  annually  by  about 
40,000  persons.  Twelve  large  buildings  serve  the  various  pur- 
poses of  the  College,  including  two  for  the  residence  and 
training  of  girls  in  domestic  economy.  In  1910  the  teaching 
staff  numbered  fifty  and  the  students  1,386,  of  whom  344  were 
taking  the  regular  course.  The  four  years’  course  at  the 
College  leads  to  graduation  at  the  Toronto  University  with  the 
degree  of  B.S.A.  (Bachelor  of  Science  in  Agriculture).  There 
