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long in the direction of the length of the body, and were 
but slightly roughened for muscular attachment, a proof that 
the gluteal muscles were not much developed. The tuberosi- 
ties of the ischia, however, were very strongly marked, indi- 
cating that the animal is well qualified for the sitting 
posture. 
The upper extremities were very largely developed in pro- 
portion to the lower ; in this specimen the length between 
the tips of the fingers of the outstretched arms is said to have 
measured eight feet. The shoulder blade had a peculiarity 
which anatomists formerly thought characteristic of man, 
namely, that the vertebral border was the longest. The 
arm bone looked immensely large when placed beside that of 
man ; the roughnesses near the upper part, for the attach- 
ment of muscles going to the chest and back, indicated that 
these muscles were of extraordinary power, and when acting 
together would enable the creature to hug an enemy with 
terrible effect. The articulating surface at the lower end of 
this bone was oblique as in man, so that the bending of the 
elbow carried the hand not to the shoulder, as it would if the 
hinge-joint was directly transverse, but inwards to the mouth, 
furnishing a curious little illustration of the prehensile 
character of the upper extremity, and its essential use as an 
organ for obtaining food. The deep hollows at the front 
and back of the bone for the reception of projections of the 
ulna when the elbow is completely flexed or extended, were 
in the gorilla joined so as to become a hole, and thus gave 
even a greater extent of motion to this joint than in man. 
The bones of the forearm were very large, and a peculiarity 
in them worth noticing was that they were curved, giving 
them great power of resisting fracture by allowing a slight 
spring of the bones when subjected to a direct shock, and 
also adding immensely to the strength of the wrist in prona- 
tion and supinatiou, by increasing the distance between the 
bones and therefore allowing of a greater length of muscle 
