1903 - 4 .] Dr Munro on Man in the Palaeolithic Period. 117 
This plate represents an excellent picture of a bison (fig. 1) and 
a still more striking one of two reindeer (fig. 2). The original 
drawing of the former is painted in ochre, and measures 
1 m. 50 in length and 1 m. 25 in height ; that of the latter 
is 2 m. 10 in length and 1 m. 50 in height, and presents the 
peculiarity of having portion of the figure on the left executed 
in incised lines. 
The total number of painted figures in this cave is 77 : — 
aurochs, 49; indeterminate animals, 11; reindeer, 4; stag, 1; 
equidse, 2 ; antelopes, 3 ; mammoth, 2 ; geometrical ornaments, 3 ; 
scalariform signs, 2. The authors suggest that these paintings 
belong to a later period than the engravings on the walls of 
Combarelles, founding their opinion on the frequency of the 
figures of the bison, and the rarity of those of the reindeer 
and mammoth. Time will not allow me to enlarge on the 
details of these remarkable rock carvings and paintings, more 
than to say that MM. Capitan and Breuil have, by their ex- 
plorations and published reports, greatly added to our know- 
ledge of Palseolithic civilisation. 
III. Human Culture and Civilisation in the Paleolithic 
Period. 
These illustrations, though only covering a small portion of the 
available materials, are sufficient to give a general idea of the 
salient features of the stage of culture to which the inhabitants 
of Europe had attained towards the close of the Palseolithic period. 
We have seen that all their works were characterised by a gradual 
development from simple to more complex forms. Implements, 
tools and weapons were slowly but surely being made more 
efficient, thus evincing on the part of their manufacturers a pro- 
gressive knowledge of mechanical principles. Hence, French 
anthropologists have arranged these cave-remains in chronological 
sequence, using the names of the most typical stations to define 
various stages of culture, as Mousterien , Solutreen, and Mag- 
dalenien. The earliest troglodytic station, according to the 
classification of M. G. de Mortillet, was le Moustier , situated on 
the left bank of the Vezere (Dordogne). During its habitation by 
man the climate was cold and damp, and among the contemporary 
