122 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
of these people. Their philosophical and sentimental speculations, 
if they had any, centred exclusively on the habits of the animals 
they hunted, and on the strategic means by which they could 
be waylaid and captured. During this time they made great 
progress in the development of mechanical appliances, as shown 
by the number of flint implements — saws, borers, scrapers, etc. 
— with which they manufactured needles, pins, ornaments, 
weapons and other objects, including the so - called bdtons de 
commandement. Upon the whole, it would appear as if their 
minds were engrossed with the chase and its exciting scenes and 
incidents, for their domestic economy indicated little more than 
the art of broiling the flesh of the captured animals and con- 
verting their skins into garments. Possibly some round pebbles 
abundantly found in the debris might have been used as ‘ pot- 
boilers,’ but a few stone mortars (PI. II. No. 14), which 
occasionally turned up, would seem to have been used only for 
mixing colouring matter to paint their bodies, as some modern 
savages do. Of agriculture, the rearing of domestic animals, 
the arts of spinning and weaving, and the manufacture of pottery, 
they appear to have been absolutely ignorant. But yet, in an 
environment of such primitive resources and limited culture 
associations, these wild hunters developed a genuine taste for 
art, and cultivated its principles so effectually that they have 
bequeathed to us an art gallery of over 400 pieces of sculpture and 
engraving so true to their models that many of them bear a 
favourable comparison with analogous works of the present day. 
They adorned their persons with perforated teeth, shells, coloured 
pebbles, and pendants of various kinds. They depicted the 
animals with which they were familiar, especially those they 
hunted for food, in all their various moods and attitudes, often 
with startling fidelity. Harpoons, spears and daggers of horn 
and bone were skilfully engraved, and sometimes the handles 
of the last were sculptured into the conventional form of one 
or other of their favourite animals. (See Pis. III. to X.) 
They also in some instances adorned the walls of the caverns 
they frequented with incised outlines of the neighbouring fauna 
(figs. 22-28), and made actual colour paintings of them in black 
and ochre, or in one of these colours (PI. XI.). The discovery 
