1903-4.] Date of Upheaval of Praised Beaches in Scotland. 247 
relative level of sea and land at that time. It is only when they 
are found in marine stratified beds above high-water mark that 
their final positions can have any bearing on this point. Mr 
Robert Chambers ( Ancient Sea Margins , p. 206) describes the 
situation of the boats found under the Tontine and Trades’ Lands 
as twenty-one or twenty-two feet above high-water in the river, 
but this is the only instance in which such a height has been 
recorded. The canoe containing a stone celt, found under St 
Enoch’s Church, lay at a depth of 25 feet from the surface, but 
of course that does not indicate the height of the site above high- 
water level. Since the publication of Mr John Buchanan’s paper 
describing the discovery of eighteen canoes in the bed of the 
Clyde, and from which Sir Archibald derived his data, seven 
additional canoes have been recorded from the same place, five of 
them being prior to the 2nd February 1869. 
On that date Mr Buchanan, in an address to the Glasgow 
Archaeological Society, made the following statement: — “The 
last of the five canoes was found also last summer, a little 
below Milton Island, near Douglas. It is 22 feet in length 
and about 2 feet 10 inches in breadth. The interior is well 
scooped out. Some interesting relics were got inside. These 
consist of six stone celts, an oaken war-club, and a considerable 
piece of deer’s horn.” To what age would Sir Archibald assign 
this canoe? Judged by the character of the antiquities, which, 
according to his own dictum, is the only chronological criterion 
admissible, the Stone Age is undoubtedly here indicated. 
It must not, however, be forgotten that canoes do not neces- 
sarily carry us back to prehistoric times, as they are frequently, 
if not invariably, associated with crannogs and other mediaeval 
structures. It is therefore extremely probable that some of the 
Clyde fleet may have been comparative^ modern. A few years 
ago a fine specimen of the dugout was discovered close to the 
site of the so-called crannog of Dumbuck, in a kind of dock 
of artificial construction, and just barely covered with mud. At 
low-water its site was exposed for several hours, but at high 
tide it was submerged to a depth of 8 to 12 feet. Again, some 
years ago four canoes were discovered in the Loch of Kilbirnie, 
one of which contained a lion- shaped ewer and a three-legged 
