1903 - 4 .] Date of Upheaval of Raised Beaches in Scotland. 249 
nomena of the Forth valley. He begins by giving an excellent 
account of the composition of the Carse lands, with a description 
of the whale skeletons, and the deer -horn implements found 
along with them. It may be mentioned that since then another 
deer-horn implement associated with a whale skeleton has been 
found, and, having fortunately come into the possession of Sir 
William Turner, is now carefully preserved in the Anatomical 
Museum of the University of Edinburgh (fig. 1). It is the 
only one of its kind now available for study, all those previously 
recorded having been lost. By Sir William’s kind permission 
I have had the privilege of publishing an illustration of this 
unique object ( Prehistoric Scotland , p. 58), from which it will 
be seen that it is not a harpoon, but a veritable hammer-axe, 
made of a portion of the beam of a stag’s antler, and perforated 
Fig. 1 . — Hammer-axe head of stag’s horn, found with a whale’s skeleton 
at Meiklewood, near Stirling. (\.) 
for a handle. Judging from their descriptive records, the other 
horn implements (some two or three in number), which were 
found associated with cetaceous remains, were evidently of the 
same kind, and had been used by the natives to cut the blubber 
from the stranded whales. “The circumstances under which 
these remains were found,” writes Sir Archibald (p. 226), “leave 
no possibility of doubt that the land here has been upraised 
at least 24 feet, and that this upheaval has been witnessed by 
man. The horn weapons do not, indeed, indicate an advanced 
state of civilisation ; yet they unquestionably prove the presence 
of a human population, perhaps contemporary with that which 
built the ruder canoes of the primitive fleet of Glasgow.” 
While cordially agreeing with the inferential statements in 
the above extract, let us note the admission that some of the 
Clyde canoes might have been contemporary with the whale 
