1903 - 4 .] Date of Upheaval of Raised Beaches in Scotland. 263 
length by 2J inches across its cutting face ( Proc ., vol. xxxiii., 
fig. 14, p. 463). 
If it he true, then, that when the Romans invaded Scotland, 
towards the close of the first century a.d., the areas subsequently 
covered by peat within the 25-feet raised beach were then occu- 
pied by great forests, it is but natural to suppose that objects lost 
in these forests would be recovered, in modern times, in course of 
the operation of removing the peat, so as to convert the rich clays 
underneath into arable land. On this point Mr Milne Home 
writes: — “ Stone hatchets and other stone implements of a very 
primitive people have been found also on Blair-Drummond estate, 
lying on the surface of the carse clay, after the peat moss lying 
above it was removed. These implements were, as I understand, 
in localities below or within the line of the old sea-cliff, and not 
very far from where the Blair-Drummond whale was found. I 
have seen three of these implements : one was in the Macfarlane 
Museum, Stirling ; the other two in the possession of the late Mr 
Home Drummond, who showed them to me at Blair-Drummond 
in September 1863.” (The Estuary of the Forth , p. 116.) This 
would seem to show that the elevation made some progress in the 
Stone Age. 
Among other relics thus brought to light, there is one which 
has a special chronological value, viz., a large bronze caldron 
(fig. 3), now preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities, 
Edinburgh. It is recorded as having been found in 1768, 
“upon the surface of the clay, buried under the moss.” It is 
made of thin plates of beaten bronze riveted together, the 
rounded bottom portion being ' fashioned out of one piece, and 
measures 25 inches in diameter and 16 inches in depth. The 
everted rim is formed of a couple of bands of sheet bronze 
fastened to the upper edge of the vessel, and bears marks of 
the rivets by means of which a pair of ring-handles had been 
attached. Sir Daniel Wilson informs us that two rings (pre- 
sumably its detached handles), each measuring 4f inches in 
diameter, were found along with it. “No question,” writes 
Sir Daniel, “can exist of its native workmanship. The rings 
and staples are neatly designed, but rudely and imperfectly 
cast and finished, and are decorated exactly as those of the 
