1903 - 4 .] Date of Upheaval of Raised Beaches in Scotland. 265 
Kincardine caldron, have been discovered elsewhere in Scotland, 
as well as in various localities in England and Ireland. Of the 
Scottish finds, some consist of merely ring-handles or other frag- 
ments, such as were among the bronze hoards found in Dudding- 
stone Loch and at Kilkerran (. Prehistoric Annals , vol. i. p. 349). 
Entire specimens were, however, among the Bronze Age relics at 
Dowris, King’s Co., Ireland, and at Heathery Burn Cave, Dur- 
ham ( Ancient Bronze Implements , pp. 361 and 412; Proc. Soc. 
Antiq ., 2nd series, vol. ii. p. 132). On the other hand, analogous 
caldrons, but perhaps not so artistically finished, have been 
discovered at Cockburnspath, Berwickshire, and in Carlingwark 
Loch, Kirkcudbrightshire, associated with iron tools and other 
objects undoubtedly of post-Roman date. The former of these 
Iron Age finds are thus described : — 
“ They included two large vessels of extremely thin sheet bronze, 
apparently with traces of gilding externally, and measuring, the one 
about 21 inches in diameter and 10 inches in depth, and the other 
13 inches in diameter and 7^ inches in depth. When found these vessels 
were entire, and the one appeared to have been inverted on the other, 
with the articles within them. The large one has obviously been much 
exposed to the fire, and repeatedly repaired ; the smaller one has had 
handles fastened to it on opposite sides by three rivets, the holes for 
which remain, and it has probably also been strengthened by a rim 
of iron, without which it would collapse, from the extreme thinness 
of the metal, if lifted full of water. It is probable that the whole were 
contained in a large wooden pail, as there were two large rings with 
staples and nails, the latter of which are bent in, indicating the thickness 
of the staves to have been about f of an inch. The rings measure 4^ 
inches in diameter. There are also a number of iron hoops, broken and 
crushed together, but which there can be little doubt encircled the 
wooden pail. 
“ The objects enclosed included a bronze Roman patella of the usual 
form, 6f inches in diameter, and with the bottom composed of concentric 
rings in bold relief, but wanting the handle ; the large iron chain figured 
above, measuring 27 inches in length ; a circular bronze ornament, 
apparently the shield to which the handle of some object has been 
attached, measuring nearly 3 inches in diameter ; an iron lamp-stand, 
similar to examples frequently found on Roman sites ; two iron knives, 
one of them with a wooden handle ; an iron gouge ; two iron hammers ; 
an iron tankard or jug, crushed flat ; two ornamental ends of pipes, like 
the mouth-piece of a trumpet, of bright yellow bronze, and a mass of the 
same metal weighing nearly \\ lb.” {Proc. S.A., Scot., vol. i. pp. 43, 44.) 
The Carlingwark caldron, though of the spheroidal type, is 
