266 Proceedings of Boy al Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
slightly different in shape. It measures 26 inches in diameter 
across the mouth, the sides being straight, hut bulging out to 
the extent of 1 inch above the rounded and somewhat flattened 
bottom. When dredged up it contained a number of iron tools 
and other objects — axes, hammers, staples, rings, a file, a saw, 
a bridle-bit, a tripod, portions of chain mail, a bronze vessel, 
green glass, etc. (. Ibid ., vol. vii. pp. 7, 10.) One or two other 
spheroidal caldrons have been found in Scotland, but not being 
associated with objects which furnish any chronological data 
bearing on the problem at issue, they need not be discussed 
here. 
We now come to another series of caldrons which, though 
made of plates of thin beaten bronze and riveted together in the 
same way as that found in the Kincardine Moss, differ from 
it in having a bucket-like shape and a flat bottom. -A caldron 
of this description (fig. 4) was discovered, some two generations 
ago, in the north-west corner of Flanders Moss, on the Cardross 
estate, “in what had always been considered to be a Roman 
camp.” This vessel, hitherto unique among Scottish antiquities, 
was exhibited at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of 
Scotland on 9th January 1888 by H. D. Erskine, Esq. of Cardross, 
and a full description of it by Dr Joseph Anderson is inscribed 
in their Proceedings for that year. It measures 19 inches in 
height, 10 inches in diameter at the base, and 14 inches at 
the mouth, widening to 16 inches at the shoulder. Two large 
rings for suspension, passing through ornamental loops, are attached 
to the inside of the lip. Although this is the only specimen 
known to have been found north of the Tweed, several have 
been met with in different parts of the British Isles, especially 
in Ireland. The conjunction of both types of caldrons — the 
spheroidal and bucket-shaped — in the Dowris and Heathery Burn 
Cave bronze hoards shows that they were contemporary in Britain 
at the close of the Bronze Age. 
The foreign models, from which both these types of British 
and Irish caldrons are derivatives, became first recognised among 
the grave goods of an early Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt 
(Austria), which dates from about the eighth to the second century 
b.c. These Hallstatt relics showed that the people of the dis- 
