1903 - 4 .] On Aged Specimens of Sagartia troglodytes, etc. 299 
S. troglodytes is, or may be, viviparous. As stated above 
(p. 298), all the young which we have seen extruded were already 
provided with six, or more usually twelve tentacles. Our 
experience agrees with that of Mr Sydney Chaffers, Registrar 
of the Owens College, Manchester (see also p. 301), whose 
specimens have invariably reproduced in a similar manner. He 
informs us that he has seen many batches of young born, and 
has succeeded in feeding some of them within a, few minutes 
after extrusion. Neither Mr Chaffers nor ourselves have seen 
any ova or ciliated larvae issue from the mouth. Oskar Carlgren, 
however, states (“Die Brutpflege der Actiniarien,” Biol. Gentralbl ., 
Bd. 21, 1901, p. 469) that in S. troglodytes , S. viduata , and 
S. undata , fertilisation of the ova takes place in the sea-water 
outside the parent. It appears, therefore, that S. troglodytes may 
be either oviparous, as in Carlgren’s specimens, or viviparous, as 
in Mr Chaffers’ and ours. 
The mode of reproduction in anemones is evidently subject to 
some variation. For example, Bunodactis ( Bunodes ) gemmacea is 
usually viviparous, “living and well-formed young” with twelve 
tentacles being brought forth (Gosse, 1860, p. 193, and Carlgren, 
Biol. Gentralbl., Bd. 21, 1901, p. 469). Mr Chaffers, who has 
also observed the reproduction of anemones of this species, states 
that he has found them to be in all cases but one viviparous. 
He observed on one occasion the extrusion of four or five ciliated 
larvae, which swam vigorously for some minutes. 
We have carefully observed the old specimens of Sagartia 
troglodytes during the last two years, with the view of noting 
any points of interest in their appearance and physiology. It 
was not possible to obtain one for dissection or histological 
examination. On comparing these old ones with younger specimens, 
there is seen to be little difference in their external characters. 
Certain younger individuals, the progeny of the old ones, and 
now about fourteen years old, are living in another aquarium, to 
which they were removed soon after birth. They have been under 
very favourable circumstances as regards volume of water, feeding, 
etc., and are now larger than their parents. The latter are rather 
more variegated in their coloration than is the case with their 
offspring, but these differences are not important. The coloration 
