26 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
hest. This type, which is now said to he extinct, is stated to 
have been in most points similar to the Fjordhest, from which, 
according to the reference to it in the preface to the Gud- 
brandsdal stud-book, it differed chiefly in being smaller and 
more roughly coated, being subjected to severer conditions of 
life. Probably the “ Udganger ” pony was almost purely “ Celtic ” 
in its characters.* 
The Gudbrandsdal horse, as will be seen from the figure, is very 
different from the fjord horse. The head is large and heavy, the 
legs are stout and the joints large, the distance between the 
nostril and the orbit is relatively appreciably larger than in the 
Fjordhest, and the lower lip frequently projects beyond the upper, 
as is sometimes seen in English cart-horses. The quarters are 
very much rounded. Hock callosities are invariably present so 
far as I have seen, and are generally well developed. Ergots are 
also present. There is no suggestion of anything of the nature of 
a tail-lock or fringe of short hairs on the upper part of the tail. 
The forehead is not generally flat, as in the Fjordhest, but has two 
ridges which meet below the forelock, and are sometimes very 
well marked. The Gudbrandsdal horse is also much bigger than 
the Fjordhest, and may be as much as sixteen hands high. 
The following is a translation of Lindeqvist’s description, written 
in the middle of the last century : — “ The Gudbrandsdal horse, 
by careful breeding and under peculiar local conditions, has 
developed into the noblest and most valuable representative of 
the Norwegian horses. It supplies excellent agricultural and 
artillery horses, and substantial, or even (as things go in Norway) 
handsome carriage horses.” In another place he wrote: — “The 
Gudbrandsdal horse has such a peculiar stamp that it is usually 
recognisable anywhere, and amongst a number of horses of 
different types. The most prominent specimens are about ten 
* Professor Ridgeway, who also publishes this figure, says that it represents 
the last individual of a small extinct breed from the Lofoden Islands (now 
stuffed in the Bergen Museum). As a matter of fact the “ Loftohest” in the 
Bergen Museum is a dark-coloured individual. Professor Ridgeway regards 
the animal here figured as a small horse of the heavy type and not a “ pony,” 
but I am unable to share this opinion. From inquiries at Messrs Knudsen’s 
of Bergen, who photographed the animal in question, I learn that this was 
done in the month of April, so that the pony would hardly be in its summer 
coat, as stated by Mr Ridgeway. 
