1905 - 6 .] Francis H. A. Marshall on the Horse in Norway. 23 
It will he remembered that Professor Ewart, in his original 
paper on the “ Celtic Pony,” read before this Society in 1902, 
described this animal as a small-headed horse with short ears, 
prominent eyes, slender legs, small joints, and a fringe of short 
hairs on the upper part of the tail, and without hock callosities 
(chestnuts on the hind limbs) or ergots (fetlock callosities)'. The 
most typical colour was light dun. The Celtic pony, as thus 
described, was stated to occur at the present day in certain of 
the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north of Ireland, and in 
the Faroes and Iceland. It was regarded as the living repre- 
sentative of a primitive small horse, whose range extended over 
North-West Europe, and whose fossil remains are found in the 
Brighton Elephant Bed. 
Living contemporaneously with this ancient Celtic pony, but 
having perhaps a far more extensive distribution, there was a 
robust, large-jointed “forest” horse, from which, according to 
the same authority, the cart-horses and other heavily built horses 
are largely derived. 
It will he well to state at the outset that I regard the Fjordhest 
as having been partly descended from the same stock as Professor 
Ewart’s “Celtic pony,”* and the Gudbrandsdal horse as repre- 
senting the “ forest ” or “ cart-horse ” type. 
The “pure” fjord horse is found in all the fjord districts of 
Western Norway . The largest specimens are said to occur in 
the Bomsdal and in the neighbourhood of Laerdalsoren. These 
may reach about thirteen hands high. The Fjordhest of Northern 
Norway is considerably smaller and more roughly coated. 
So far as I have observed, “ Celtic ” characters predominate 
in all the existing fjord horses. The forehead is flat, and the 
ears are relatively short, while the limbs are much slenderer, and 
the joints much smaller than in the Gudbrandsdal horse. The 
hoofs are generally wide at the heels, and almost circular in 
outline. 
Among the suggestions and regulations drawn up for the 
guidance of judges at the horse show at Lillehammer in 1857, 
* Stejneger appears to regard the Fjordhest, the Celtic pony, and also 
the Tarpan as representing one sub-species, but the evidence he adduces in 
support of this view is not very substantial. 
