1905-6.] 
Professor Ewart on the Tarpan, 
15 
its mane, tail, and trunk it takes after the forest variety (PI. III. 
9) ; while in the limbs and hoofs it approaches the Celtic pony. 
This mare was crossed with a black Welsh pony, which belongs 
to an ancient British race and doubtless has in its veins not a little 
Celtic blood. 
The first foal, black like the sire but Celtic in make, failed to 
throw any fresh light on the question at issue ; it however sup- 
ported the view that, notwithstanding the large, heavy head, there 
was Celtic blood in the Shetland mare. Though in the first foal 
the Celtic blood prevailed, the second foal by the same sire has 
developed into an animal, now three years old, which, though 
bred in Scotland, will, I believe, be regarded by Continental 
naturalists as typical a Tarpan as ever roamed the Russian 
steppes (PI. I. 2, 3 ; PI. II. 5). 
This Scottish Tarpan, a mouse-dun with black points, has a 
distinct dorsal band (10 to 15 mm. in width) and faint bars 
above the knees and hocks, a somewhat heavy head, but a short 
body and well-formed limbs. The mane, of a light colour along 
each side but dark in the centre, is semi-erect, some of the 
hair arching to the right, some to the left, and some forwards 
between the ears to form an imperfect forelock. The mane, which 
relatively still longer than in the Celtic pony, while owing to the forehead 
being decidedly convex, from side to side as well as from above downwards, the 
eyes look outwards rather than forwards. Like the Celtic pony, Prej valsky’s 
horse is of a yellow-dun colour, with dark points and only vestiges of stripes 
— the dorsal band being narrow and the leg bars faint, especially during winter. 
Unlike the Celtic pony and the forest horse, the mane is upright during 
at least autumn and winter ; in spring it may be only semi-erect ; in young 
individuals out of condition it may, however, arch to one side of the neck. The 
distal end of the dock carries relatively few long hairs, the basal portion short 
hairs, while the middle section consists of hairs long enough to form a fringe 
around the hairs growing from the end of the dock (PI. II. 4). As in the 
forest horse there are four chestnuts and four ergots, but the hoofs are 
relatively longer and decidedly more contracted at the “ heels.” The ears are 
long and usually project obliquely outwards. In the skeleton it is especially 
noteworthy that there are only five lumbar vertebrse, and that owing to the 
sacrum being nearly horizontal the croup droops but little and the tail is set 
on unusually high, as in many Arabs. The description of the Asiatic “true ” 
Tarpan given by Hamilton Smith fits fairly well with Prejvalsky’s horse. 
This agreement between the wild horse now living in the Gobi and the Tarpan 
of the Tahtars has been specially dwelt on by Professor Ridgeway. It is, 
however, well to bear in mind that Hamilton Smith’s drawing of the Tarpan 
is about as unlike Prejvalsky’s horse as any drawing well could be. 
