286 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
•cists, as they have been found in cairns, barrows, stone circles, 
etc. Nor had the brachycephalic people in Scotland a monopoly 
of the short-cist mode of sepulchre, as one of Sir Daniel Wilson’s 
kumbecephalic skulls was found in a short stone cist at Cockenzie, 
East Lothian ( Prehistoric Annals , vol. i. p. 238). Nor, indeed, 
is the association of beaker and brachycephalic skull within a 
short cist an absolute rule, as a cist at Broomend, Aberdeenshire, 
contained a beaker and a couple of skeletons, one of which had a 
skull with a cephalic index of 78 (ibid., vol. vii. p. 113). A few 
exceptions would not, however, invalidate the general deduction 
suggested by Mr Abercromby’s paper. The culture of the brachy- 
•cephalic immigrants who surged from the Alpine regions into 
Western Europe, and ultimately entered Britain by way of the 
Bhine, would doubtless become more or less affected by that of 
their predecessors, and vice versa. That this has been the case 
is proved by the finding of skeletons of both races in the round 
barrows of England and in the Bronze Age burials of Scotland. 
Thus, Dr Garson describes seven skeletons found in a round 
barrow in Yorkshire, the cephalic index of which varied from 
65*5 to 79'6, or an average of 74*7 (Journ. Anthrojp. Instil., vol. 
xxii. p. 8). Of 17 skulls from Bronze Age interments in Scotland, 
examined by Sir William Turner, 12 were brachycephalic and 
5 dolichocephalic (Prehistoric Scotland, p. 455). These statistics 
conclusively prove that the brachycephalic had found their way 
to Scotland in considerable numbers, so much so that in some 
places they appear to have been more numerous than the dolicho- 
cephalic, — a result which may perhaps be explained on the supposi- 
tion that the latter had fled or retired to the higher grounds as 
the former advanced over the country. 
With regard to the ethnology of Ireland, Sir William Wilde 
expressed the opinion that two races existed simultaneously in 
that country, viz. a long-headed, dark, Irish stock on the west 
of the Shannon, and a fair-haired, globular-headed stock on the 
north-east of that river. But this view has not been corroborated 
bv subsequent researches. So far as I know, the opinion of Pro- 
fessor Huxley, published forty years ago, still holds good. “As 
the evidence stands at present,” writes the Professor, “ I am fully 
disposed to identify the ancient population of Ireland with the 
