1897 - 98 .] Prof. M‘Kendrick on Theories of Vowel Sounds. 85 
Dr Lloyd, in support of his view of a cleavage in the reinforce- 
ments, which is the sign of two separate resonances, has reported 
upon two examples of o sung by Hermann, both at 132 v.d., and 
analysed by Dr Boeke. The amplitudes were as follows : — 
V.D., 12 3 4 56789 10 
132, . 6*7 10*7 18-4 14*6 18*1 4-7 2*5 P3 DO 0'5 
132, . 7-8 23*4 11*2 7-0 7-0 3*6 2T 1*2 0*6 DO 
To these he adds two other examples of the same vowel, one sung 
at 148 v.d. by M‘Kendrick, and the other at 128 v.d. by Boeke — 
V.D., 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
148, ... 1 1T2 1-73 0T9 1*90 0'97 0*35 ... 
128, ... 1 2-32 5-81 2*10 5-48 0-32 0'55 0*76 
The 4 th partial in each of these four analyses shows a palpable 
falling off in strength, as compared with its neighbours on either 
side, and this falling off marks in each case the gap between an 
a-resonance of 300-400 v.d. and a /3-resonance of 600-800 v.d. 
The vowel o, however low it may be sung, can hardly have more 
than two partials intermediate to the two culminations. In three 
out of the four cases above given, it has only one intermediate 
partial. This common partial must be subject to a strong influence 
