550 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. 
Contributions to the Craniology of the People of the 
Empire of India. Part I. — The Hill Tribes of the 
North-East Frontier and the People of Burma. By 
Professor Sir Wm. Turner, D.C.L., F.R.S. 
(Read July 3, 1899.) 
{Abstract.) 
The author contributes the first of a series of memoirs on the 
craniology of the natives of the countries comprising the Empire 
of India. The skulls of the hill tribes were from the Lushai- 
Chin hill tracts, the Ndgd Mountains near Manipur, and Nepaul. 
The author was indebted for the majority of the specimens to 
former pupils engaged in the public service in India. A short 
account of the geographical position and of the external characters 
of the tribes is given, compiled from the writings more especially 
of Captain Butler, Colonel Lewin, Colonel Woodthorpe, Surgeon- 
Colonel Reid, General Sir James Johnstone, and from notes 
furnished to the author by Surgeon-Captain D. Macbeth Moir, 
Dr C. L. Williams, Surgeon-Major D. H. Graves, Surgeon-Major 
Bannerman, and Surgeon-Colonel F. W. Wright. 
Eleven adult skulls from the Lushai-Chin hill tracts were ex- 
amined — nine of which were those of men, two of women. Their 
characters and measurements were described in detail. Four 
specimens were dolichocephalic, index below 75 ; five were between 
75 and 77*5, and two from the South Lushai hill tracts were above 
80 ; the mean of the series was 76T. When the two brachycephalic 
skulls are excluded the mean index was 74‘6, so that the people are 
in the main dolichocephalic. As regards the relation of length to 
height the mean of the series was 73*8, and as a rule the breadth 
exceeded the height. Generally speaking the face was orthogna- 
thous and chamseprosopic, the nose was mesorhine, the orbit 
was megaseme, and the palato-alveolar arch was brachyuranic. 
The mean cubic capacity of the skulls of nine men was 1353 c.cm., 
the range being from 1270 to 1480. 
