1898 - 99 .] Sir W. Turner on Skulls of Hillmen and Burmese. 551 
Eight skulls from the Tonkal-N&gd village of H wining, about 
forty miles north-east of Manipur, were presented by Lieut. -Col. 
F. W. Wright. They had been used by a native as decorations 
for his house, and each skull was enclosed in an open basket-work 
frame of split cane. Their characters and measurements were 
described in detail. The mean length-breadth index of the series 
was 76*4, and of these five, ranging from 72-5 to 75*3, may be re- 
garded as dolichocephalic, one was 77-1 and two were brachycephalic. 
In two specimens the height slightly exceeded the breadth. The face 
was orthognathous and chamseprosopic. The nose was mesorhine, 
the orbit megaseme, and the palato-alveolar arch brachyuranic. 
The cranial capacity was unusually high for a savage people, and 
ranged from 1455 to about 1600 in the men, with a mean of 
1501 c.cm. 
Travellers in the hill ranges occupied by the Lushais (Kukis) 
and JST&g&s have recognised differences in the physical characters 
of the people. There is, however, a general opinion that their 
narrow oblique eyes, flat broad faces, high cheek bones, flat noses, 
brown skin of various shades, straight black hair, scanty beard and 
moustache are Mongolian characters, though Colonel Lewin states 
that the type of feature of the Lushais is not Mongolian, but more 
like that of Portuguese half-castes. If the Mongolian type of 
feature be, however, that which is most characteristic, as is the 
general opinion, it is interesting to note that it is associated in 
these hill-men with a form of skull which is as a rule dolicho- 
cephalic or approximating thereto, instead of being brachycephalic, 
or in the higher terms of the mesaticephalic group. 
Only one skull from the valley of Nepaul was examined, belong- 
ing to the tribe of Magars oj* Gurungs, who have pronounced 
Mongolian features. Its cephalic index was 90 -5, strongly hyper- 
brachycephalic. It was flattened behind, probably from artificial 
pressure. 
The skulls from Burma were forty -four in number, the majority 
of which, presented by Surgeon-Major George Bell, had died as 
prisoners in the jail at Insein. The mean index of length and breadth 
was above 80, so that the general type was brachycephalic. It was 
exceptional to have a skull the height of which was greater than the 
breadth. In their facial relations they were as a rule chamseprosopic, 
