1898 - 99 .] Prof. Carlier on Changes in Newt's Stomach. 685 
diminishes, while its affinity for the acid eosine increases to such an 
extent that the spread-out karyosomes tend to stain rather red 
than blue. This can only be due to alteration occurring in the 
constituents of the karyosomes. This red stage does not, however, 
last long, the blue reaction coming quickly back again soon after 
repair has set in. It is interesting to note in this respect that the 
chromatin of the head of the spermatozoon shows the same affinity 
for acid dyes, though chemically rich in nucleic acid. 
Of no less interest in connection with this, is the growth and 
extrusion of nucleoli during the period of nuclear activity, which 
goes on for some time also during the process of repair, getting 
less and less as the nucleus is nearing the resting condition. 
By their reaction the nucleoli are albuminous bodies. I believe 
this extrusion of nucleoli to be a constant phenomenon of nuclear 
activity, as I have observed it in many different kinds of cells. 
Henneguy (9) has also seen chromatic granules extruded through 
the nuclear wall, which he believes to be elastic, as it closes up 
again immediately after their passage. Further, A. Michel (17) 
has stated recently that nucleoli consist of two parts, a main 
substance and an accessory substance. More recently still, A. 
Pizon (21) from his studies on Ascidia (iff. socialis and M. simplex) 
concludes that the nucleolus during the whole ripening of the ovum 
throws off big spherical masses of effete substance that leave the 
nucleus by passing through its wall, and passing into the vitellus 
are moved through it to its periphery in a peculiar manner ; i.e., 
the nucleolus, in part at least, is effete material. 
I believe that in this animal the nucleoli consist entirely of 
effete material, which is produced during nuclear activity ; that the 
nucleus is capable of tolerating this material in certain amount, but 
that when it becomes excessive, it is passed out into the protoplasm, 
where it disappears. It certainly does not become converted directly 
into zymogen granules, as som.6 would have us believe. 
I have shown elsewhere (4) that the nucleolus of the mamma- 
lian ovum should also be considered as mainly composed of effete 
material. 
I cannot agree with Balbiani (1), who considers the nucleolus to 
be a sort of cell-heart, or with those who believe that chromatin is 
manufactured in it [Flemming (6), Malaquin (15), etc.], or even 
