1898 - 99 .] Prof. Duns on Early Post-Pliocene Mammals. 699 
many instances illustrative of, at least, the general drift of this 
paper. One of these occurs in the description of an Ayrshire 
Crannog by Dr Robert Munro, to whom we are all indebted for 
many able and wide-minded contributions to anthropology and 
archaeology. The following zoological and botanical remains were 
found in the crannog : — (a) Zoology : Eos longifrons, Sus scrofa 
(ferns), Ovis aries, Cervus elaphus, C. eapreolus, C. tarandus , and 
Equus caballus. (b) Botany : Alnus glutenosa , Betula alba , Cory- 
lus avellana, Ulmus montana , and Pteris aquilina. In addition 
to all these, it was found that man had left marks of his presence 
among them. There were implements of stone, bone, wood, 
bronze, and iron, which had all been in use, and along with these 
ornaments were met with which shed some light on the art of the 
time. Now, were we to fix our attention on any one bone, say a 
bone of the reindeer (Cervus tarandus , L.), after determining the 
species, would there not be much to suggest interesting questions 
touching the physiography of the district, its climatal conditions, 
the geographical distribution of this species of deer, and even some- 
thing worth knowing as to man and his art at a very early period ? 
