1904 - 5 .] Ankylostomiasis, or the Miners Worm Disease. 821 
regurgitation of the liquid material swallowed. From the 
oesophagus onwards the intestinal canal is, practically speaking, a 
straight tube, which in the female is continuous with a narrow 
rectum, ending in the anus, and in the male is deflected slightly, 
so as to open into a cloaca. At the buccal entrance there can be 
seen four hooklets, two on the right and two on the left of the 
median line, which serve to fix the worm to the intestinal mucous 
membrane, while on the dorsal aspect there may be observed in 
addition two small projecting teeth. There are six glands con- 
nected with the alimentary canal : two cervical glands, composed 
each of an unicellular secreting apparatus ; two cephalic glands, 
similar to the cervical, placed behind them, opening into the buccal 
cavity near the external hooklet, and secreting, according to 
Megnin, an irritating form of saliva, analogous to that secreted 
by ascarides, and which is capable of inducing catarrh of the 
intestinal mucous membrane ; there are also two glands near the 
anus. 
The muscular system is composed of two layers of transverse 
and longitudinal fibres. The nervous system is simply a collar 
around the oesophagus. The genital sac of the male is large ; it is 
composed of four lobes. At the depth of the sac there are poured, 
as into a cloaca, the secretions from the anal glands, the 
rudimentary testes, and the intestinal contents. The vulva of the 
female appears as a small protuberance about the middle of the 
terminal third of the body. The vagina leads into a double uterus. 
Where the two uteri meet, ovules and spermatozoa may be detected. 
It is here that fecundation takes place. 
The American type of the uncinaria differs slightly from the 
human ankylostoma. It is shorter, its mouth is slightly different, 
and it has only five instead of six hooklets or teeth. This variety 
is met with in Virginia, North and South Carolina, Texas, Brazil, 
Cuba, and Porto Rico. As the sexually developed worm has been 
found in the chimpanzee of West Africa, it is maintained that the 
American uncinaria had its origin in this animal. 
The female ankylostome, when in the human intestine, keeps 
passing off myriads of ova. It was Grassi who, in 1878, detected 
the ova in the stools of infected miners, and who demonstrated the 
meaning thereof. They are oval bodies, 55 to 65 micromillimetres 
