THE ERUPTION OE SANTORIN. 
343 
muriatic acid and sulphurous acid were recognized. At a 
short distance sulphuretted hydrogen was disengaged in large 
quantity. Much sulphur was accumulated at the base of the 
two volcanic monticules, but this had no doubt been derived 
from the mutual action of the hydrochlorate of ammonia and 
sulphuretted hydrogen. At a short distance inflammable gases 
were erupted in large quantity, apparently from out of the 
fluid lava. This last fact has not been observed in any other 
active volcano. These gases burned with a yellow flame 
owing to the presence of salt, and this proof of the possibility 
of true flame in a volcano in full eruption is very important. 
It is evident that flame may come even from the centre of 
volcanic action. 
On the 10th of March a new islet was observed close to 
Aphroessa, and named JReha. It was at first thirty or forty 
yards in diameter, and rose about five feet above the sea. It 
is marked c in the plan (see plate). It consisted of blocks 
of lava identical with those of the new promontory “ George 33 
and the island of Aphroessa. On this day the depression of the 
south-east part of New Kaimeni ceased for a time. The de- 
pression was nearly twenty feet. 
A line passing through the summit of the three islands 
formed up to this period would have a bearing of E. 20° N. 
mag. (declination 9°) . This line marks the principal axis of the 
eruptive forces. (See Plate. Island of New Kaimeni, line r .9.) 
On the 13th of March Keka had joined to Aphroessa, and 
on the 19th Aphroessa had become a part of New Kaimeni, so 
that the result of the various movements had been to add two 
new headlands to the old island ; one formed by George pro- 
montory on the south, the other by Aphroessa and Keka to 
the west. The elevation had gone on steadily. The additions 
had been caused partly by upheaval and partly by lava 
currents issuing from the principal fissure near its extremities, 
George promontory and Aphroessa being the two points of 
eruption. It was not difficult to distinguish the part produced 
by upheaval from that caused by the outpouring of lava. 
In the part of New Kaimeni near Cape Phlego, several 
remarkable fissures were farmed. They were about 150 yards 
long and parallel to each other, and to the line of fumaroles 
ranging E. 20° N. There are besides a few transverse fissures 
of smaller importance. They probably began with the erup- 
tion, but were first noticed on the i2th of March, and the 
largest was then from ten to twelve feet wide and twenty-five 
to thirty feet deep. They were formed in the old lava of 1707, 
and currents of hot salt water ran along them, through which 
much gas bubbled. A little sulphuretted hydrogen and car- 
bonic acid, some carburetted hydrogen, and a little free 
