280 
Proceedings of Eoyal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
nuclei, to the number of three, having remained exceedingly small. 
In consequence of this arrest of ossification, the entire bone is 
dwarfed and sharply curved upon itself, causing the flattening and 
contraction of the pelvis already referred to. The acetabular cavity 
was of normal size. 
Dimensions of innominate bone : — 
Total height from crest to tuber ischii, in the specimen 4*8, in 
the normal 6*5 cm. 
Breadth of ilium from anterior to posterior spine, in the specimen 
3*3, in the normal 4*4 cm. 
Bones of the Extremities. — The various long bones, inasmuch 
as they depend for their growth in length upon a progressive car- 
tilaginous ossification during foetal as well as during extra-uterine 
life, have especially suffered from the arrest of this process. Their 
total length is, in general terms, only one-half of the normal, as can 
be readily seen from the following comparative measurements : — 
In 
In normal 
In 
In normal 
specimen. 
foetus* 
specimen. 
foetus. 
Humerus, . . 
. 3*6 
8 ’4 cm. 
Femur, 
. . 4 
10 cm. 
Radius, . . 
. 2*7 
6*4 „ 
Tibia, 
. . 3*8 
8 
Ulna, . . . 
. 2*8 
7*3 „ 
Fibula, . , 
. . 3*3 
7*8 „ 
Metacarpals, . 
. 1*2 
1*8 „ 
Metatarsals, 
. . *8 
2*3 „ 
Proximal phalanges, *8 
1'2 „ 
Proximal phalanges, *5 
1 «, 
These measurements do not fully represent the degree of defective 
endochondral ossification, because the cartilaginous ends of the 
bones are of normal size, and the shortening is confined to the 
diaphyses. This is readily explained by the fact that the carti- 
laginous ends during foetal life increase in size by growth of 
cartilage, while, in the case of the shafts, the increase is the result 
of progressive ossification. 
The diaphysis is seen, from the following measurements, to be 
only about one-third of the normal length : — • 
Length of diaphysis of humerus, in specimen 2T, in normal 6 cm. 
» „ femur, „ 2*2, „ 7 „ 
,, ,, fibula, ,, 1 6, ,, 5*8 ,, 
