226 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
Busaco, and be received other wounds in subsequent engagements ; 
and when, in 1814, he returned home invalided, he was so lame from 
the effects of his wounds that he was obliged to use crutches. As 
a young man he was remarkable for his great strength, and many 
stories are told of his powers both on the field and in pugilistic 
encounters. He wielded a sabre longer by several inches than the 
regulation standard; he was an excellent horseman, and a notable 
whip. It is recorded of him that he once drove the mail coach from 
London to Haddington without leaving the box or resigning the 
reins for a single stage. Even in extreme old age he was to be 
seen on the streets of this city driving a pair of spirited horses 
with the vigour and skill of an experienced charioteer. 
In 1842 the Marquis went out to India as Governor and Com- 
mander-in-Chief at Madras. Here he remained for six years faith- 
fully discharging the duties of his high and responsible office. As 
one who had been trained under Wellington he could not but set 
himself to restrain and cure the lax discipline which had been 
allowed to creep into the Indian army; and the severity of some 
of the measures he took with this view exposed him to no small 
obloquy and censure. Events, however, proved that he was right 
in the course he pursued, and that his action was alike necessary 
and salutary. 
On his retirement from active service in the army the Marquis 
devoted himself to the duties and occupations of a country gentle- 
man, and these he continued to pursue to the end of his life with 
the exception of the six years he was in India. He engaged largely 
in agricultural pursuits, retaining in his own hands an extensive 
farm, which he cultivated with the utmost assiduity, sparing no 
expense of money, or labour, or skill, not only to render it produc- 
tive to the highest possible degree, but to make it a model of 
scientific farming, from which others engaged in the same pursuit 
might derive profitable instruction. He introduced many im- 
portant improvements both in the practice of farming and in the 
implements used in agriculture; so great, indeed, were the im- 
provements he introduced, both in the methods and in the means 
of tillage, that he may be said to have revolutionised Scottish 
agriculture. In 1836 he received the gold medal of the High- 
land and Agricultural Society for the invention of a machine for 
