440 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
R brevis , from which it may, however, be distinguished by the 
nature of the ornamentation on the scales and cranial roof bones. 
Geological Position cmd Locality. From the Wardie shales in 
the Calciferous Sandstone series. The specimens were collected by 
Mr James Bennie, of the Geological Survey of Scotland, in a very 
fissile shale exposed near Bedhall, to the west of Edinburgh, in a 
cutting made for the Caledonian Kailway loop line to J uniper Green 
and Midcalder. 
Rkadinichthys brevis , sp. nov. Traquair. 
Description. — The length of the most perfect specimen in my 
collection is 3 J inches ; the extremity of the caudal fin is not, 
however, preserved. Another specimen, more badly preserved 
posteriorly, must have been a little longer, judging from the size of 
the head and body. The head is elegantly shaped, with bluntly 
pointed muzzle. The opercular bones are rather small ; the jaws 
pretty stout ; the dentition is not visible. The bones of the cranial 
roof are sculptured, with contorted and rather flattened rugae ; those 
of the face are ornamented with sharp and closely set wavy ridges, 
which, on the operculum, pass obliquely downwards and backwards 
over its surface. The scales are of moderate, indeed, rather small 
size, and though, of course, diminishing gradually towards the tail, 
those in the flanks U,re not marked by any very special excess in 
size. The flank scales are nearly equilateral ; the posterior margin 
of each shows 5 or 6 prominent oblique denticulations ; the outer 
surface shows a few feebly marked, nearly obsolete ridges, pass- 
ing obliquely backwards and a little downwards, and not very 
regularly placed. Immediately behind the clavicle, and above the 
origin of the pectoral tin, the sculpture is, however, more strongly' 
pronounced, the ridges being finer, sharper, and closer together, but 
posteriorly the scales soon become nearly quite smooth. The paired 
fins are rather small, the principal rays of the pectoral are clearly 
seen to be unarticulated till towards their terminations; the ven- 
trals are situated midway between the pectorals and the origin of 
the anal, their rays are delicate, and their transverse joints appear 
at least three times as long as broad. The dorsal and anal fins are 
large, and situated nearly opposite each other, the former commen- 
cing, as usual in this genus, slightly in front of the latter. Both 
