23 
then- object, and very probably mucli to the regret of those who 
sought pleasure or proHt in their pursuit. Hut all these species, 
although lost to us as residents, still exist over a very -vvide area, 
their power of flight aiding them in the struggle for existence, and 
enabling them to seek safety beyond the reach of the adverse 
circumstances which banished them from their former home. It 
will be found, that those birds which so readily succumbed to the 
attacks of man or other animals, were disqualified for the struggle 
by inability to escape their enemies in consequence of their wing- 
less condition, or the circumscribed extent of their habitat ; and 
these remarks will bo found to apply to the species of which I have 
now to speak. 
bar away on the island of Iceland, and on its “skerries,” or 
small outlying islets, along the coast of Labmdor and the 
shores of bsewfoundland, and occasionally though rarely visiting 
the lonely island of St. Kilda, and the Orkney.s, at the 
commencement of the present century might bo found a large 
watcr-lowl, whoso altogether disproportionate wings, although of 
great use in the water, were wholly inadequate to support its body 
in the air. I his I’enguin of the north was known to us as the 
Care-fowl, or t»reat Auk (^Alca nn penntg, Lin.). Although formerly 
an occasional visitor to the more remote of the Scottish islands, 
the Care-fowl has always been very rare as a British bird. The last 
taken ofl the island of St. Kilda is recorded by Fleming (Kdin. 
Phil. Jour. vol. x. pp. 96, 97), as having been captured alive 
“some time” before the 18th of August, 1821 or 1822. In 1812, 
Mr. Bullock chased a male bird for several hours off Papa 'We.stra 
in a six-oared boat without success ; the bird Avas, however, after 
he had left the island, killed and sent to him. The female hadb ;en 
killed before his arrival. These two are the last recorded from the 
Orkney Islands. Thompson, in his ‘ Birds of Ireland’ (vol. iii. 
pp. 238, 239), mentions one Avhich Avas taken at the mouth of 
M aterford Harbour in IMay, 1834, and that another AA-as procured 
about the same time on the coast of "Waterford, Avhich Avas not 
preserved. He also quotes from a note addressed by the Rca'. 
Joseph Stopford to Pr. IlarA’ey, of Cork, dated in February, 1844, 
