president’s address. 
343 
plant-growths, and blown sand and shingle, side by side ; and 
likewise in the broads, with their silty and peaty accumulations, 
there are features that resemble the Forest lied Series, with its 
laminated clays and gravels, its peaty deposits and rootlet- bed. 
Going further into the subject it will be needful to interpret the 
phenomena by observations made elsewhere by others ; but once 
the principles of geology are grasped, and the student realises that 
he can explore the beds of ancient seas and estuaries, the moraines 
of old ice-fields; that he can hunt for the Hippopotamus, the 
Elephant or Mastodon, and other animal remains in parts of Norfolk, 
his interest may be aroused. 
As a preliminary study no better task can be undertaken by the 
geological inquirer than the mapping of the strata that lie around 
his home. On the six-inch Ordnance maps such a work can be 
undertaken without serious difficulty; and no more instructive ami 
interesting task could be found. The experience gained would 
enable the worker to interpret the Geology of tracts elsewhere, in 
a shorter time and with greater accuracy, than would la* possible 
with one unacquainted with the art and science of mapping. The 
process, to a certain extent, is an art, for it consists in depicting 
not only that which is seen, but that also which is not seen. 
Not many counties can boast of having had an original geological 
survey, undertaken and accomplished as it was over East Norfolk 
on the one-inch scale, by private and disinterested enterprise. 
Such a map was produced by our former President, Mr. Harmer, 
who was inspired by the great master of Drift geology, the late 
Searles V. Wood, jun. 
The production of that map, and of the subsequent maps of the 
Government Geological Survey, lias by no means exhausted the 
subject ; indeed, for many scientific and for most practical purposes, 
maps on the six-inch scale are requisite. 
I have alluded to the bewildering aspect of geological literature, 
but that is not so serious a matter to the student when he becomes 
interested in his work. When familiar with certain tracts of 
country, with certain formations, or groups of fossils, he will be 
curious to know how far his observations accord with those of other 
