3IS 
PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. 
more than twenty miles from London. Nevertheless until two 
years ago the phosphatic bands Avere not recognised. 
In our shalloAV-water formations avc can rarely indicate zones, 
because most of the forms of life are restricted Avithin comparatively 
limited areas. Such horizons as have been determined are local 
and so Ave find, A\dien Ave study our later Tertiary and Quaternary 
strata, that the difficulties in correlating them Avith beds at a 
distance are great. The zones in older formations are taken from 
deeper Avater deposits, where often a feAv feet of strata represent 
long intervals of time. 
We are unable to study the deep-AA r ater deposits of later geological 
times ; and in our correlations of those Pliocene and Quaternary 
strata, that are exposed to view, Ave have to be guided by general 
considerations of the fauna and flora, and of their relations to the 
forms of life iioav existing. In such studies Norfolk offers 
advantages that may be excelled in no other part of the Avorld. It 
is not everyAvliere that the field-naturalist can readily compare the 
past Avith the present. In a district where the surface strata are as 
old as, and older than the Eocene, the studies of the zoologist and 
botanist must be restricted to the living or recently extinct forms 
of life : for no comparisons Avith the fossil forms Avould aid their 
researches. In Norfolk, the modern fauna and flora can be compared 
stage by stage Avith the forms of life that existed since Pliocene 
times. Numerous important additions to the fauna, both of the 
Nonvich Crag and Porest Bed have been made known during the 
past twenty years, especially by Mr. E. T. Newton • but avc must 
not forget that to Mr. A. C. Savin and other fossil-hunters we owe 
many of these accessions to our knoAvledge. 
The Cromer Forest Bed, now sometimes termed the ‘ Cromerian ’ 
deposit, attracts considerable interest on the Continent, not only on 
account of its fauna, but also of its flora ; to our knowledge of 
Avhich Ave are particularly indebted to Mr. Clement Eeid.* He 
indeed has opened up a new field of investigation, for prior to his 
Avork scarce any attention had been paid to the subject of fossil 
* See Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc. vol. iv. p. 181); and ‘The 
Pliocene Deposits of Britain,’ 1890. 
