PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. 
351 
Weybourn Crag, which contains sonic Mollusca of an Arctic type, 
and it is overlaid hy the Glacial Drift. Professor Geikie points 
out that in Auvergne there are interglacial beds that yield 
E. merit /tonal is, and are covered by and rest upon moraines. Again, 
in Northern Italy, beds which have likewise yielded E. meridional is 
occupy an interglacial position. He remarks that “ It matters little 
whether we relegate to the top of the Pliocene or to the base of 
the Pleistocene the beds in which this species occurs. That it is 
met with upon an interglacial horizon is certain ; and if we are to 
make the Pleistocene co-extensive with the glacial and interglacial 
series, we shall he compelled to include in that system some 
portion of the Newer Pliocene.” 
In this country the Forest lied Series is so intimately connected 
with the Crag Series that wo cannot part them into separate 
systems : nor is there need to class strata in this country as Glacial, 
because they are coeval with Glacial strata elsewhere. We might 
as well class our recent formations as Glacial because the polar 
regions are now under icy conditions. 
The ago of the Mammoth and associated fauna has during the 
past few years attracted considerable attention, and attempts have 
been made by Sir Henry Howorth to show “that wherever we can 
lind the remains of the Mammoth and its contemporaries un- 
disturbed and in situ, these remains are found under and not over 
or in the drift.” This is a very important point, and Sir Henry 
does good service in directing particular attention to the evidence, 
lie does not mean (as he tells us) that the Mammoth preceded 
“ the so-called Glacial age ” ; but “ that it lived before the diluvial 
movement which distributed the Drift,” or, in other words, before 
that “ great catastrophe, caused in all probability by the upheaval 
of some of the greatest mountain-chains of the world,” a catastrophe 
that, in his opinion, led to the distribution, mainly by water, of 
great sheets of gravel, clay, and sand, and the erratics connected 
with them ; and which caused the extermination of the Mammoth 
and some of its contemporaries.* Sir Henry thus pictures a 
* Geol. Mag. 1892, pp. 251 . M >5 ; and 1898. p. 2(5. See also .‘The Mammoth 
and the Flood,’ 1887. 
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