354 
president’s address. 
In the same neighbourhood beds of Valley Gravel rest irregularly 
on the Contorted Drift and older strata, and Mr. Reid notes that 
a jaw ot E. pri/ni genius was found at one point near the base of 
the gravel." The only positive evidence of the occurrence of 
ordinary specimens of Mammoth along the Cromer coast is in beds 
newer than the Contorted Drift. Here at any rate we have 
evidence of remains of that animal (in situ) above portions of the 
Glacial Drift. 
Near Norwich remains of Mammoth and Deer have been found 
in disturbed Chalk, where the surface-layers of that formation have 
been broken up, contorted, and intermingled with sand and gravel, 
to a depth, sometimes, of eight feet. This disturbed Chalk, in 
some localities, may be attributed to glacial action that took place 
during the accumulation of the Chalky Boulder Clay.t 
It is possible that the Witton fossil may belong to the same 
stage. The account of its mode of occurrence is not quite clear. 
It may have been found in a “ pipe ” in the Contorted Drift ; or 
it may have been introduced into that drift at a time when the 
large chalk-boulders were forced into it, and the violent contortions 
were produced — phenomena everywhere closely connected with the 
agent that produced the Chalky Boulder Clay. This view of the 
age of the contortions, enunciated by Mr. Reid, is supported by 
facts obtained in various parts of Norfolk. The evidence seems to 
favour the view that the Mammoth was in existence prior to the 
accumulation of the Chalky Boulder Clay. Definite confirmation 
of this is however desirable. 
Professor Prestwich, in 1858, recorded the finding of portions of 
the tusk and tooth of an Elephant in gravel beneath the Chalky 
Boulder Clay at Bricket Wood, between Watford and St. Albans. 
Unfortunately the remains were not sufficient to determine the 
species ; | and the same may be said of the Elephant-remains lately 
found by Dr. Hicks at Einchley. || 
* Horizontal Section (Geol. Survey, sheet 127) ; and Geol. Cromer, p. 118. 
f H. B. W., ‘ Geology of Norwich ’ (Geol. Survey), p. 138. 
X ‘ Geologist,’ vol. i. p. 241. 
|| Geol. Mag. 1893, pp. 90, 139. 
