RECENTLY FOUND AT UELLE8DON. 
571 
was covered, as Greenland now is, by an ice sheet of great thickness, 
the southern margin of which is shown by the extension of the 
Chalky Boulder Clay to have reached nearly as far as the Thames 
Valley, but when the long winter of the Glacial period began to 
pass away, and the ice melted over a great part of the area, shrinking, 
as we know it did, into the valleys of the Wensum, the Yare, and 
the Waveney, because we find at the very bottom of those valleys 
occasional masses of Boulder Clay, then it possibly was that 
palaeolithic races, following the retreating ice, began to find their 
way hither. If the Brandon Gravels are older than any part of the 
Chalky Boulder Clay, it must be, I think, than that part of it which 
was formed during the latest part of the Upper Glacial period. 
The mountain districts of Great Britain, as for example, Scotland, 
Wales, and the Pennine Kills, have undergone a second glaciation 
at a time considerably later than that of the Great Ice Age, and 
separated from it by a period of comparative warmth, but the return 
of these subglacial conditions has left little if any trace of its existence 
in Norfolk. In regarding the Chalky Boulder Clay therefore as 
one of the latest horizons of the Glacial period, l follow Mr. Searles 
V. Wood in classing such deposits as the so-called Upper Boulder 
Clay of Lancashire, which contains Molluscan fauna of a very 
recent character, both as to the species and the condition of the 
shells, as postglacial. 
When we arrived at Hellesdon we found that it was the opinion 
of Mr. Middleton and his son that the implement had been taken 
from the bed of Gravel underlying the Lower Glacial Brick Earth. 
There is no doubt whatever as to the geological age of these beds. 
The structure of the country at Hellesdon is perfectly clear and 
simple. The Lower Glacial Brick Earth occurs over the whole 
neighbourhood at the same horizon, and is everywhere underlaid 
by the Bure valley gravels. When standing at the pits and looking 
northwards one can see where the Lower Glacial beds pass under 
the Middle Glacial sands of the higher country, and this can also 
be seen by consulting a geological map of the Norfolk Drifts. 
The gravels in question are, therefore, without question of the 
age of the Bure valley beds, and if it could have been proved that 
the implement had been taken from them, it would have carried 
back the Antiquity of Man in East Anglia at one stride from the 
end to the beginning of the Glacial period, from postglacial, or at 
