25 
CLUSTER-CUPS. 
conveyed with the moisture to the roots ; but the spores them- 
selves have certainly not yet been traced traversing the tissues 
of growing plants. 
If, instead of going in search of goatsbeard and its attendant 
fungus, we turn our steps northward and enter one of the 
Highgate or Hampstead woods, where the pretty little wood 
anemone flourishes abundantly, and turn up the radical leaves, 
one by one, and examine their under- surfaces, we shall at length 
be rewarded by finding one covered with similar cluster-cups 
to those we have been describing as occurring on the goats- 
beard, but far less commonly. Leaf after leaf will be found 
covered with the brown spots of another fungus called Puccinia 
anemones , with which nearly every plant will be more or less 
infected in the spring of the year ; and at length, if we per- 
severe, AEcidium leucospermum will be our reward (plate II. 
figs. 4 — 6). The specific name will suggest one point of differ- 
ence between the two fungi, as in this instance the spores are 
white, and somewhat elliptic. Probably this species is not 
common, as we have found it but seldom, though often in 
search of it. A nearly allied species has been found on 
Anemones in gardens having but few large teeth about the 
orifice, though not constantly four as the name would indicate 
(2E. quadrificlum ) . 
A walk through almost any wood, in the spring of the year, 
will reward the mycologist with another JEcidium in which 
the peridia are scattered over the whole surface of the leaf. 
This will be found on the wood spurge, giving a sickly yellow- 
ish appearance to the leaves, on the under-surface of which 
it is found. By experience one may soon learn to suspect 
the occurrence of parasites of this nature on leaves, from the 
peculiar exhausted and unhealthy appearance which they 
assume as the spores ripen, and which will spare the labour 
of turning over the leaves when there, are no distinct spots on 
the upper surface. JE. Euphorbia i is found on several species 
of Euphorbium or spurge, but we have always found it most 
abundantly on the wood spurge in the Kentish woods between 
Dartford and Gravesend* The spores in this species are 
orange, and externally it bears considerable resemblance to 
the goatsbeard JEcidium, but the spores are rather smaller 
and paler, the teeth are less distinct and persistent, the 
subiculum is more thickened, and the peridia are more densely 
crowded. 
There is another group of species belonging to the same 
genus of fungi in which the arrangement of the peridia 
is different. One of the first of our native wild flowers in 
making its appearance after the departure of frost and 
snow, is the little yellow celandine. 
