69 
NEW INTENTIONS. 
Magneto-electric Telegraphs. — Mr. W. E. Newton, patentee . — The 
leading object of this invention is to enable the operator, by the operation 
or movement which he makes, to designate or select the character or sign 
which he desires to transmit, to develope the electric current by which 
such character or sign is transmitted. The invention consists in the use 
of a magneto-electric engine, by the rotation of which electric impulses 
are induced alternately in opposite directions. The electro-magnetic 
engine is connected by conductors with electro-magnets, the polarity of 
which is alternately reversed by the alternately reversed impulses induced 
by the engines. An interposed vibrating permanent magnet or armature 
at the end of a pendulous lever is, by the alternately reversed polarity 
of the electro-magnets, when these are combined, caused to vibrate, and 
by means of pallets and arms at the opposite end of the lever, will actuate 
an escapement wheel, on the axle of which is an index or pointer, which 
is made to traverse round and indicate on a circular series of letters, signs, 
or figures, the particular sign it is desired to transmit to the distant 
station. This part of the apparatus is connected with a mechanism 
which, as the operator indicates or designates the characters or signs 
which he desires to transmit, will set the magneto-electric engine in action, 
and will thereby develope or generate the electric impulses which will 
transmit such character or sign. The second part of the invention con- 
sists in combining with the electro-magnetic apparatus, or the equivalent 
thereof, the escapement arrangement above mentioned, whereby to indicate 
or develope the character or sign transmitted. 
Electric Telegraphs. — Mr. O. F. Varley, patentee. — The first part of 
this invention consists in employing for electric telegraphy, the increment 
and decrement of electric currents, instead of, as has hitherto been the 
case, the flow of the current itself. Another part of the invention con- 
sists in the use of a test circuit, formed by induction plates and resistance 
coils, so adjusted to each other as to produce an artificial line possessing 
the same amount of retardation as the cable itself. Another part of the 
invention consists in forming a contact piece of metal in the delicate 
spring contacts of telegraph instruments. 
Insulating Compound. — Messrs. Hancoch & Silver, patentees. — In this 
invention, the patentees combine caoutchouc with a milk or gum, the 
produce of a tree called Sapota Mulieri, or bullet-tree, which is found in 
British Guiana. This milk or gum possesses similar insulating properties 
to caoutchouc. They combine this milk or gum with caoutchouc by 
mastication, rolling, or solution, according to one of the several processes 
well known among india-rubber and gutta-percha manufacturers. 
