NEW INVENTIONS. 
73 
mulate below the straining surface or knotter-plates are drawn out or 
removed by a pump, or other analogous contrivance, and are conveyed into 
an ordinary knotter, which is to be used for the separation of such knots 
and extraneous matters from the tine pulp which may be drawn out or 
removed therewith. The tine pulp will then be allowed to flow back into 
the other or first knotter beneath the knotter-plates, through which it will 
pass and be conducted into the paper machine, while the knots will remain 
on the top of the knotter-plate of the second or ordinary knotter, and may 
be readily removed therefrom by a skimmer. By this arrangement of 
parts, there will be but little necessity for stopping the machinery to 
cleanse the knotters, and the work may therefore proceed uninterruptedly. 
Manufacture of Paper. — Mr. R. H. Collyer, patentee.— According to 
this invention, the patentee subjects the materials to showers of hot water 
and showers of alkaline liquor used alternately, and to superheated steam 
— that is to say, he heats the materials at intervals with showers of hot 
water, and at the same time acts on the materials with superheated steam, 
and between the showers of water he heats the materials with showers of 
alkaline solution or liquor, still continuing to inject superheated steam. 
Instead of superheated steam, he sometimes uses hot air, or superheated 
steam and hot air together. 
Manufacture of Paper. — Mr. W. Astrop, patentee.— This invention 
consists in the employment of fibrous portions of the roots of parsnips, 
carrots, and turnips of all kinds, and of the roots, stems, and stalks of the 
beet, mangold- wurtzel, chicory, and rhubarb plants ; also of the fibre of 
the cocoa-nut and leaves of the orange plant, and flags or reeds ; also 
horse and cattle manure, for the manufacture of “ half-stuff ” and pulp to 
be used in the production of paper and cardboard ; the substances and 
materials hereinbefore enumerated being employed either separately or in 
combination with each other, or with any of the ordinary pulps now used 
in the manufacture of paper and cardboard. 
Manufacture of Paper. — Mr. R. H. Frith , inventor. — This invention 
consists in reducing peat or turf-bog into a pulp with chloride of lime, or 
by any other chemical bleaching process, and afterwards manufacturing- 
such pulp into paper in the ordinary way. 
Manufacture of Dyes. — Messrs. R. T. & R. Monbeith , patentees . — The 
patentees claim the production of red and violet colouring matters by the 
decomposition of hydrochlorate or sulphate of aniline, or its analogues, 
by heat, whether those substances are used by themselves or mixed wixn 
aniline or its analogues, and whether either of the above mixtures is 
heated alone, or after it has been mixed with sand or any other finely- 
divided substance as aforesaid. Also the use of salts of ammonia for the 
purpose described. Also the admixture with the colouring substances (as 
described) of sand, gelatinous silicic acid, fluoride of calcium, or any other 
finely-divided substances, not liable to act otherwise than mechanically 
upon the substances employed in the process described. And also the 
production of brown colours by the decomposition of salts of aniline, or 
its analogues, by heat, as described. Whenever hydrochlorate of aniline 
or aniline is mentioned, the hydrochlorate of aniline of commerce, or 
aniline of commerce, is intended. 
