76 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
or screen to the source of light is the same as that of the clouds to 
the sun. 
Manufacture of Candles. — Mr. R. A. Brooman, patentee. — The objects 
of this invention are to obtain a brighter and more uniform light, and to 
prevent guttering in candles. The invention consists in the employment 
of a hollow or tubular wick to produce a current of air to the centre of the 
flame. For candles intended to be burnt in sockets or holders which will 
not allow a current of air to pass through the bottom of the candle, the 
inventor forms an aperture or passage through the side of the candle above 
the socket or holder, and communicating with the interior of the wick, 
During the manufacture of candles, according to this invention, a spindle 
or rod is passed through the wick to keep it open. 
Treatment of Gas. — Mr. J. Leigh , patentee. — This invention con- 
sists in the subjection of the gas that is obtained in the distillation of coal, 
cannel, bituminous shale, bog-head, mineral oils, petroleum, or other 
combustible substances, to the action of nitric acid, or of a mixture of 
nitric and sulphuric acids, by which nitro-benzole and certain other 
compounds are obtained, and in the course of which certain substances are 
removed from the gas employed. 
Manufacture of Gas. — Mr. E. B. Wilson , inventor. — This invention 
consists in the manufacture of gas from oil, by placing in a suitable vessel 
containing the oil a coil of piping, pipe, or pipes, through which the 
inventor passes hot water, air, or steam at such a temperature as shall 
generate gas from the oil contained therein, which vessel may be large 
enough to be but partially filled with oil, leaving the remaining space for 
gas ; or a separate receiver with purifier may be connected. 
Lamps. — Mr. W. G. Wilkins, inventor. — To a lamp constructed with a 
reservoir in its stem or base to contain the matter to be burned, and means 
for forcing up such matter for consumption, the inventor applies between 
such reservoir and the burner a small vessel of porcelain, glass, or other 
suitable material that will not freely conduct heat up to the burner, 
and he applies cork, or other suitable non-conducting material, between 
the upper parts of a receiver and the burner tubes, acting as a receiver 
for, or feed to, the lower part of the wick, and of the fluid being 
consumed. This receiver has an overflow for surplus fluid to flow 
back into the reservoir below. He also applies an internal hollow 
cone, and an external tubular deflector, the upper or deflecting edge 
thereof being turned inwards, and at or near the level of the wick 
tubes ; which external deflector he prefers to be of glass, so as to 
intercept the rays of light as little as possible ; over these he applies an 
external chimney. 
Signal Lanterns. — Mr. J. Price, patentee. — The' peculiarity of this 
invention consists in combining the parts of a lantern so that, at one time 
(that is, when a boat is at anchor), the lantern will show a white or bright 
light all round, and when the boat is in motion the part of the lantern 
which is glazed round with white glass may be covered interiorly or 
exteriorly with a screen, consisting of three parts or divisions, one being 
opaque, one red glass, and the third green glass, so that the light in the 
lantern will be only thrown forward through the red and green screens, 
